1. Plants presumed introduced and widely naturalized in the flora area | → 2 |
1. Plants presumed native in the flora area | → 12 |
2. Stipules on late leaves absent or rudimentary | → 3 |
2. Stipules on late leaves foliaceous | → 4 |
3. Leaves and catkins alternate; branchlets densely pubescent or tomentose; largest medial blades: abaxial surface densely tomentose or woolly; floral bracts tawny or brown; ovaries glabrous; stipes 0.3-0.5 mm. | S. elaeagnos |
3. Leaves and catkins often opposite or subopposite; branchlets glabrous; largest medial blades: abaxial surface glabrous; floral bracts bicolor or black; ovaries short-silky; stipes 0-0.1 mm. | S. purpurea |
4. Petioles shallowly grooved adaxially | → 5 |
4. Petioles flat to convex adaxially | → 7 |
5. Branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish; largest medial blades: abaxial surface apparently glaucous but obscured by hairs, margins strongly revolute, glands epilaminal; stigmas 0.72-1.8 mm. | S. viminalis |
5. Branches red-brown or gray-brown; largest medial blades: abaxial surface distinctly glaucous or not, margins sometimes slightly revolute or flat, glands submarginal or marginal; stigmas 0.3-0.68 mm | → 6 |
6. Branches not glaucous; stipules reniform, not adnate to petiole; largest medial blades broader, 1.1-2.8 times as long as wide, elliptic, broadly elliptic, subcircular or broadly obovate, apex abruptly acuminate or acute, abaxial surface often not glaucous apically. | S. myrsinifolia |
6. Branches strongly glaucous; stipules lanceolate to ovate, often adnate to petiole; largest medial blades 2.5-6.4 times as long as wide, lorate, oblong, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, apex gradually acuminate, abaxial surface uniformly and distinctly glaucous. | S. daphnoides |
7. Largest medial blades with veins strongly impressed adaxially; branchlets sometimes weakly glaucous, tomentose. | S. aurita |
7. Largest medial blades flat or with veins slightly impressed adaxially; branchlets not glaucous, puberulent, pubescent, pilose, villous, or velvety | → 8 |
8. Petioles puberulent or villous adaxially; branches red-brown, glabrous; catkins flowering as leaves emerge; ovaries glabrous or sparsely hairy. | S. myrsinifolia |
8. Petioles glabrescent, pubescent, tomentose, or velvety adaxially; branches yellowish, yellow-brown, or gray-brown, pubescent, pilose, villous, or tomentose to glabrescent; catkins flowering before leaves emerge; ovaries short- or long-silky | → 9 |
9. Peeled wood smooth or with striae to 6 mm; ovaries: beak gradually tapering to styles | → 10 |
9. Peeled wood with striae to 62 mm; ovaries: beak slightly bulged below styles | → 11 |
10. Largest medial blades usually 2-3 times as long as wide; branches flexible at base; stipes 2-2.5 mm; styles 0.3-0.6 mm; stigma lobes 0.4-0.6 mm. | S. caprea |
10. Largest medial blades usually 2.8-6.4 times as long as wide; branches ± brittle at base; stipes 0.9-2 mm; styles 0.5-1.2 mm; stigma lobes 0.6-1.2 mm [2e4. Salix sect. Cinerella] | S. ×smithiana |
11. Shrubs, 3-7(-10) m; largest medial blades: abaxial surface with white hairs; branches brownish, to 62 mm. | S. cinerea |
11. Shrubs or small trees, 3-12 m; largest medial blades: abaxial surface with white and ferruginous hairs; branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, to 45 mm. | S. atrocinerea |
12. Flowering before leaves emerge (sometimes just before in S. irrorata, S. myricoides, and S. tracyi); catkins usually sessile or on very short flowering branchlets (staminate 0-5 mm, to 9 mm in S. myricoides, pistillate 0-14 mm, to 35 mm in S. hookeriana) | → 13 |
12. Flowering as leaves emerge (staminate catkins sometimes emerge just before in S. irrorata, S. myricoides, and S. tracyi), catkins usually on distinct flowering branchlets (staminate 0-30 mm, pistillate 0.5-38 mm) | → 54 |
| → 14 |
| → 28 |
14. Stipules usually marcescent | S. sect. Lanatae |
14. Stipules deciduous (in autumn) | → 17 |
15. Largest medial blades: apex acuminate, acute, or rounded; stipules 1-6-14 mm, 1.1-1.8-4.4 times as long as wide, usually ovate to oval or narrowly elliptic, pressing flat. | S. calcicola |
15. Largest medial blades: apex acute, acuminate, or convex; stipules 3-35 mm, 1.1-6 times as long as wide, shape variable, pressing with a pleat | → 16 |
16. Largest medial blades slightly glossy adaxially; floral bracts moderately densely hairy; pistillate adaxial nectaries 2+-lobed; stipules 3-12-35 mm, 1.7-3.6-6 times as long as wide, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, sometimes ovate or oval. | S. richardsonii |
16. Largest medial blades dull adaxially; floral bracts sparsely hairy; pistillate adaxial nectaries unlobed; stipules 3.5-10-23 mm, 1-1.4- 2.8 times as long as wide, lanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate. | S. tweedyi |
17. Largest medial blades dull adaxially | → 18 |
17. Largest medial blades slightly to highly glossy adaxially | → 20 |
18. Ovaries: beak slightly bulged below styles; styles 0.3-0.6 mm; floral bracts moderately to very densely hairy; east of 102d meridian. | S. eriocephala |
18. Ovaries: beak gradually tapering to styles; styles 0.5-1.8 mm; floral bracts sparsely hairy; usually west of 102d meridian | → 19 |
19. Petioles usually reddish; catkins usually sessile, flowering branchlets sometimes to 5 mm; juvenile blades glabrous or pubescent; stigmas 0.1-0.29 mm; stipes 0.5-3 mm; Canada to Montana, Black Hills of South Dakota, n Wyoming. | S. pseudomonticola |
19. Petioles green; catkins on distinct flowering branchlets 0.5-7 mm; juvenile blades villous or long-silky; stigmas 0.24-0.56 mm; stipes 0.5-1.6 mm; ne Arizona, Colorado, nw New Mexico, Utah, s Wyoming. | S. monticola |
20. Largest medial blades: margins often entire, sometimes irregularly serrate or crenate | → 21 |
20. Largest medial blades: margins regularly toothed | → 24 |
21. Largest medial blades usually 1.5-5.2 times as long as wide, bases often rounded to cordate; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-20 mm; styles distinct to 1/2 their lengths or connate, 0.3-2.3 mm; capsules 5-10 mm | → 22 |
21. Largest medial blades usually 1.9-9.6 times as long as wide, bases usually cuneate or convex; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-6 mm; styles connate, 0.1-0.9 mm; capsules 2.5-5.5 mm | S. sect. Mexicanae |
22. Pistillate catkins loosely flowered; pistillate flowering branchlets 1.5-13 mm; filaments glabrous; styles 0.3-1.3 mm; e North America. | S. myricoides |
22. Pistillate catkins densely flowered; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-20 mm; filaments hairy or glabrous; styles 0.6- 2.3 mm; w North America. | S. hookeriana |
23. Branches strongly glaucous; juvenile blades glabrous or sparsely villous; largest medial blades glabrous or pilose adaxially, hairs white. | S. irrorata |
23. Branches usually not glaucous, sometimes weakly so; juvenile blades sparsely to very densely tomentose, woolly or silky; largest medial blades glabrescent, tomentose, or short-silky adaxially, hairs usually white, sometimes also ferruginous. | S. lasiolepis |
24. Glands on largest medial blades submarginal | → 25 |
24. Glands on largest medial blades marginal | → 26 |
25. Pistillate catkins loosely flowered; pistillate flowering branchlets 1.5-13 mm; filaments glabrous; styles 0.3-1.3 mm; e North America. | S. myricoides |
25. Pistillate catkins densely flowered; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-20 mm; filaments hairy or glabrous; styles 0.6-2.3 mm; w North America. | S. hookeriana |
26. Petioles short-silky or velvety adaxially; staminate catkins not on flowering branchlets; floral bracts with straight hairs; ovules 18 per ovary. | S. pseudomonticola |
26. Petioles villous, tomentose, pilose, or pubescent adaxially; staminate catkins on flowering branchlets; floral bracts usually with wavy or curly hairs; ovules 12-16 per ovary | → 27 |
27. Largest medial blades with relatively very thick glaucescence abaxially, usually 2-5.2 times as long as wide; floral bracts brown to black; styles 0.3-1.3 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 1.5-13 mm. | S. myricoides |
27. Largest medial blades with relatively thin glaucescence abaxially, usually 2.3-8 times as long as wide; floral bracts tawny or light brown; styles 0.3-0.6 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 2-10 mm. | S. eriocephala |
28. Stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary | → 29 |
28. Stipules on early leaves foliaceous (rarely so in S. drummondiana and S. pellita) | → 41 |
29. Ovaries obturbinate or squat, flask-shaped (serpentine endemics, California, Oregon) | S. sect. Sitchenses |
29. Ovaries pyriform or obclavate (not serpentine endemics) | → 31 |
30. Floral bracts usually tawny, densely hairy; largest medial blades lorate, very narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute; ovaries squat, flask-shaped, beak abruptly tapering to styles; branches flexible at base. | S. breweri |
30. Floral bracts brown, sparsely to moderately densely hairy; largest medial blades elliptic or obovate, apex convex or rounded; ovaries obturbinate, beak gradually tapering to styles; branches highly brittle at base. | S. delnortensis |
31. Largest medial blades highly glossy adaxially | → 32 |
31. Largest medial blades dull or slightly glossy adaxially | → 35 |
32. Ovaries villous, tomentose, or woolly; stipes 0.5-2.2 mm; anthers yellow (Alaska to n California). | S. hookeriana |
32. Ovaries silky; stipes 0.2-1.1 mm; anthers purple turning yellow in age | S. sect. Phylicifoliae |
33. Largest medial blades usually 4.2-11.3 times as long as wide, linear, lorate or narrowly elliptic, abaxial surface usually very densely villous, short-silky, tomentose, or woolly (sometimes sparsely so), glands marginal or epilaminal; petioles sometimes with 2 spherical glands distally; branches brittle at base. | S. pellita |
33. Largest medial blades usually 1.5-5.1 times as long as wide, obovate, oblanceolate, narrowly oblong, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely silky, glands marginal or submarginal; petioles without glands at base of blade; branches flexible at base | → 34 |
34. Largest medial blades usually hypostomatous (sometimes hemiamphistomatous). | S. planifolia |
34. Largest medial blades amphistomatous. | S. tyrrellii |
35. Stems decumbent, 0.3-3 m, layering, not glaucous or weakly so; largest medial blades: hairs white or gray; styles 0.2-0.4 mm; stigmas 0.2-0.56 mm. | S. humilis |
35. Stems erect, 0.5-6 m, not layering, often strongly glaucous; largest medial blades: hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous; styles 0.3-1.5 mm; stigmas 0.32-0.76 mm | → 36 |
36. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface often obscured by dense hairs | S. sect. Phylicifoliae |
36. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface not obscured by hairs | → 38 |
37. Petioles villous or velvety adaxially; largest medial blades usually 3-6.2 times as long as wide, glands submarginal; w North America. | S. drummondiana |
37. Petioles glabrous or pubescent adaxially; largest medial blades usually 4.2-11.3 times as long as wide, glands submarginal or epilaminal; e North America. | S. pellita |
38. Largest medial blades 4.2-11.3 times as long as wide, linear to narrowly elliptic; capsules 3.5-6.5 mm. | S. pellita |
38. Largest medial blades 1.5-4.5 times as long as wide, narrowly elliptic to obovate or broadly so; capsules 4.5-11 mm | S. sect. Cinerella |
39. Petioles and branchlets velvety; styles 0.2-0.6 mm; largest medial blades usually oblanceolate; ovaries densely long-silky. | S. scouleriana |
39. Petioles and branchlets not velvety; styles 0.3-2.3 mm; largest medial blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate; ovaries moderately densely short-silky or densely villous, tomentose, or woolly | → 40 |
40. Stipes 1.6-2.7 mm; ovaries short-silky, hairs straight; styles 0.3-1 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-10 mm; largest medial blades dull or slightly glossy adaxially, margins flat; primarily e North America to c British Columbia. | S. discolor |
40. Stipes 0.5-2.2 mm; ovaries villous, tomentose, or woolly, hairs wavy; styles 0.6-2.3 mm; pistillate flowering branchlets 0-20 mm; largest medial blades slightly to highly glossy adaxially, margins slightly revolute; Alaska to n California. | S. hookeriana |
41. Pistillate nectaries usually shorter than or equal to stipes | → 42 |
41. Pistillate nectaries as long as or longer than stipes | → 47 |
42. Largest medial blades amphistomatous. | S. tyrrellii |
42. Largest medial blades usually hypostomatous (or hemiamphistomatous) | → 43 |
| S. planifolia |
| S. sect. Cinerella |
44. Largest medial blades with revolute margins | → 45 |
44. Largest medial blades with flat margins | → 46 |
45. Shrubs, 0.3-3 m, forming clones by layering; juvenile blades tomentose to glabrescent; anthers 0.4-0.6 mm; ovaries sparsely to moderately densely short-silky. | S. humilis |
45. Shrubs or trees, 3-10(-20) m, not clonal; juvenile blades villous or silky; anthers 0.7-1.2 mm; ovaries very densely long-silky. | S. scouleriana |
46. Ovaries short-silky, hairs straight; stipes 1.6-2.7 mm; primarily e North America to c British Columbia. | S. discolor |
46. Ovaries villous, tomentose, or woolly, hairs wavy; stipes 0.5-2.2 mm; Alaska to n California. | S. hookeriana |
47. Floral bracts tawny or light rose; styles 0.4-0.8 mm; stigmas 0.16-0.24 mm; ovaries squat, flask-shaped. | S. breweri |
47. Floral bracts brown or black; styles 0.5-2.3 mm; stigmas 0.2-1.28 mm; ovaries obturbinate, obclavate, or pyriform | → 48 |
48. Ovaries long- or short-silky, hairs straight | → 49 |
48. Ovaries tomentose, villous, or woolly, hairs wavy | → 51 |
49. Largest medial blades 29-54 mm wide; branchlets and petioles velvety; branches highly brittle at base. | S. delnortensis |
49. Largest medial blades 5-28 mm wide; branchlets and petioles glabrous, pilose, puberulent, villous, or short-silky; branches flexible at base | S. sect. Phylicifoliae |
50. Stipules usually marcescent, foliaceous, linear or lanceolate, 2-9.8-23 mm; juvenile blades glabrous or pilose; largest medial blades narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or obovate. | S. pulchra |
50. Stipules sometimes marcescent, rudimentary or foliaceous, ovate, oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 1-2.5(-4.5) mm; juvenile blades glabrous, puberulent, pubescent, or densely long-silky; largest medial blades narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate. | S. planifolia |
51. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface glaucous or sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous, slightly or highly glossy adaxially; stipes 0.5-2.2 mm; branches highly brittle at base. | S. hookeriana |
51. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface very densely hairy, hairs white, dull or slightly glossy adaxially; stipes 0-0.6 mm; branches flexible at base | → 52 |
52. Stipules resinous; floral bracts 2.8-5.2 mm; largest medial blades slightly glossy adaxially, margins flat; petioles weakly ventricose around floral buds. | S. barrattiana |
52. Stipules not resinous; floral bracts 1.5-3 mm; largest medial blades dull adaxially, margins revolute; petioles strongly ventricose around floral buds | → 53 |
53. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface villous to tomentose, adaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy; floral bracts: apex often acute to convex, sometimes crenate; stipules sometimes marcescent. | S. alaxensis |
53. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface tomentose to woolly, adaxially moderately to very densely hairy; floral bracts: apex convex to rounded, entire; stipules deciduous (in autumn). | S. silicicola |
| → 55 |
| S. sects. 2e1. Hastatae and 2e2. Cordatae |
55. Plants east of 102d meridian (longitudal line passing through the ne corner of Saskatchewan, along e border of Colorado) | → 56 |
55. Plants west of 102d meridian (longitudal line passing through the ne corner of Saskatchewan, along e border of Colorado) | → 62 |
56. Stipules on late leaves usually foliaceous | → 57 |
56. Stipules on late leaves usually absent or rudimentary | → 59 |
57. Branchlets, petioles adaxially, abaxial surface of largest medial blade densely woolly or tomentose; ovaries tomentose or woolly. | S. candida |
57. Branchlets, petioles adaxially, abaxial surface of largest medial blade glabrous, puberulent, villous, or long-silky; ovaries short-silky | → 58 |
58. Largest medial blades: margins flat, entire, crenate, or irregularly serrate, adaxial surface dull or slightly glossy; ovaries obclavate; floral bracts 1.2-3.2 mm; stipes 2-6 mm. | S. bebbiana |
58. Largest medial blades: margins slightly revolute, serrulate, adaxial surface slightly or highly glossy; ovaries pyriform; floral bracts 0.8-1.2 mm; stipes 0.6-0.9 mm. | S. arbusculoides |
59. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface short-silky, hairs usually white (rarely ferruginous); branches highly brittle at base; floral bracts brown to black; ovaries ovoid; styles 0.2-0.4 mm; stipes 0.6-1.5 mm. | S. sericea |
59. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface long-silky, villous, pilose, or pubescent to glabrescent, hairs white, often with some ferruginous; branches flexible at base; floral bracts tawny to brown; ovaries pyriform or obclavate; styles 0-0.9 mm; stipes 1-6 mm | → 60 |
60. Shrubs delicate, 0.2-1 m; largest medial blades with strongly revolute margins; pistillate catkins densely flowered; capsules 2-4 mm; styles 0.4-0.9 mm; floral bracts 0.7-1.2 mm. | S. argyrocarpa |
60. Shrubs coarse, 0.5-10 m; largest medial blades with flat or slightly revolute margins; pistillate catkins loosely flowered; capsules 5-9 mm; styles 0-0.5 mm; floral bracts 1-3.2 mm | → 61 |
61. Largest medial blades 1.7-3.9 times as long as wide, narrowly oblong to obovate, hairs white or gray, margins crenate or entire, adaxial surface finely impressed-reticulate; floral bracts tawny; ovaries obclavate. | S. bebbiana |
61. Largest medial blades 5-9 times as long as wide, lorate to very narrowly elliptic, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous, margins serrulate, serrate, or entire, adaxial surface not finely impressed-reticulate; floral bracts brown, tawny, light rose or bicolor; ovaries pyriform. | S. petiolaris |
62. Petioles glabrescent or puberulent adaxially | → 63 |
62. Petioles pubescent, pilose, villous, tomentose, woolly, short-silky, long-silky, or velvety adaxially | → 65 |
63. Branchlets glabrous or puberulent; juvenile blades very densely long-silky; stipes 0.6-0.9 mm; pistillate adaxial nectaries equal to or as long as stipes; ovaries very densely short-silky, beaks gradually tapering to styles. | S. arbusculoides |
63. Branchlets pubescent, villous, or velvety; juvenile blades pilose, tomentose, or sparsely or moderately densely long-silky; stipes 1.5-6 mm; pistillate adaxial nectaries shorter than stipes; ovaries densely to sparsely hairy, beaks abruptly tapering to or slightly bulged below styles | → 64 |
64. Largest medial blades narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.7-3.9 times as long as wide, hairs on abaxial surface divergent, wavy; branchlets villous to glabrescent; ovaries obclavate, beaks slightly bulged below styles. | S. bebbiana |
64. Largest medial blades lorate or very narrowly elliptic, 5-9 times as long as wide, hairs on abaxial surface appressed, straight; branchlets pubescent or velvety; ovaries pyriform, beak abruptly tapering to styles. | S. petiolaris |
65. Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially | → 66 |
65. Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially or surfaces obscured by hairs | → 67 |
66. Branchlets yellow-green or red-brown, pilose or villous; anthers 0.5-0.9 mm; floral bracts 1.4-2.8 mm; pistillate catkins 11-51 mm. | S. eastwoodiae |
66. Branchlets yellowish or yellow-brown, pubescent or long-silky; anthers 0.3-0.5 mm; floral bracts 0.8-2 mm; pistillate catkins 8.5-19 mm. | S. wolfii |
67. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface densely tomentose or woolly, with crinkled and interwoven hairs, adaxial surface often floccose, hairs white. | S. candida |
67. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface without crinkled, interwoven hairs, adaxial surface not floccose, hairs white or, sometimes, also ferruginous | → 68 |
68. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface very densely hairy; peeled wood on branches inconspicuous (sometimes conspicuous in S. geyeriana) | → 69 |
68. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface sparsely or moderately densely hairy; peeled wood on branches conspicuous | → 71 |
69. Largest medial blades 3.6-11.3 times as long as wide, linear, or lorate to very narrowly elliptic; pistillate catkins globose or subglobose; anthers 0.4-0.5 mm; stamens 2. | S. geyeriana |
69. Largest medial blades 2.1-7.7 times as long as wide, lorate, elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate; pistillate catkins slender to stout; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm; stamens 1 or 2 | S. sect. Sitchenses |
70. Largest medial blades 2.1-3.1-4 times as long as wide, margins strongly or slightly revolute, entire or toothed, glands submarginal or epilaminal, abaxial surface woolly, short-silky, or silky-woolly; staminate catkins 22-54 mm, slender or stout; stamens 1; filaments glabrous; pistillate adaxial nectaries square, ovate, or flask-shaped. | S. sitchensis |
70. Largest medial blades (2.5-)3.3-5.3-7.3 times as long as wide, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, glands submarginal, abaxial surface short-silky; staminate catkins 16-16.5 mm, stout or subglobose; stamens 1 or 2; filaments hairy on proximal 1/2; pistillate adaxial nectaries narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped. | S. jepsonii |
71. Largest medial blades: margins entire, abaxial surface sparsely to moderately densely short- or long-silky, adaxial surface usually dull; filaments hairy basally; anthers purple turning yellow. | S. orestera |
71. Largest medial blades: margins crenate, serrate, serrulate, or entire, abaxial surface glabrous, pilose, tomentose, villous, woolly, or short- or long-silky, adaxial surface slightly or highly glossy; filaments glabrous or hairy; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow | → 72 |
72. Largest medial blades 1.5-4.2 times as long as wide, 18-63 mm wide, margins entire, irregularly serrate, crenate, or sinuate, adaxial surface pilose, villous, or tomentose; staminate catkins 26-73 mm; pistillate catkins 36-117 mm; styles 0.6-2.3 mm. | S. hookeriana |
72. Largest medial blades 3.4-12 times as long as wide, 5.4-22 mm wide, margins entire or serrulate, adaxial surface silky to glabrescent; staminate catkins 11-28 mm; pistillate catkins 8-44 mm; styles 0.1-1 mm | → 73 |
73. Catkins globose to subglobose; floral bracts usually tawny, sometimes brown; anthers 0.4-0.5 mm, yellow or purple turning yellow; styles 0.1-0.6 mm; stipules absent or rudimentary; proximal blades with entire margins. | S. geyeriana |
73. Catkins stout; floral bracts dark brown or bicolor; anthers 0.5-0.9 mm, yellow; styles 0.3-1 mm; stipules foliaceous; proximal blades with entire or serrulate margins. | S. lemmonii |
74. Plants east of 102d meridian (longitudal line passing through the ne corner of Saskatchewan, along e border of Colorado) | → 75 |
74. Plants west of 102d meridian (longitudal line passing through the ne corner of Saskatchewan, along e border of Colorado) | → 81 |
75. Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially | → 76 |
75. Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially | → 78 |
76. Juvenile blades densely villous on abaxial surface or midrib long-silky; largest medial blades usually villous on abaxial surface, hairs white; petioles tomentose adaxially; pistillate adaxial nectaries 0.4-1.3 mm; floral bracts 1-2.6 mm. | S. cordata |
76. Juvenile blades glabrous on abaxial surface or midrib sparsely pubescent to short-silky; largest medial blades glabrous or pilose on abaxial surface, hairs white and, sometimes, ferruginous; petioles glabrous, pubescent, or villous adaxially; pistillate adaxial nectaries 0.2-0.4 mm; floral bracts 0.4-1.1 mm | → 77 |
77. Shrubs decumbent, 0.1-0.6(-1) m; stipules on late leaves rudimentary to foliaceous, 0.2-1.8(-5) mm; styles 0.3-0.7 mm; proximal blades with crenate margins. | S. myrtillifolia |
77. Shrubs erect, 1-7 m; stipules on late leaves foliaceous, 0.5-6 mm; styles 0.4-1.6 mm; proximal blades with entire or serrulate margins. | S. pseudomyrsinites |
78. Floral bracts tawny; ovaries obclavate. | S. pyrifolia |
78. Floral bracts usually brown or black; ovaries pyriform | → 79 |
79. Largest medial blades 1.4-2.8 times as long as wide, elliptic to obovate, apex usually convex or rounded, sometimes acute; stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary, on late leaves foliaceous; proximal blades with serrulate or crenulate margins. | S. ballii |
79. Largest medial blades 2-8 times as long as wide, usually narrowly oblong, very narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate (sometimes elliptic or obovate), apex acuminate or acute; stipules on all leaves foliaceous; proximal blades with entire or serrulate margins | → 80 |
80. Largest medial blades very thickly glaucous abaxially, surface hairs often ferruginous; stigmas 0.24-0.56 mm; pistillate catkins loosely flowered. | S. myricoides |
80. Largest medial blades thinly or moderately glaucous abaxially, surface hairs usually white; stigmas 0.2-0.3 mm; pistillate catkins densely or moderately densely flowered. | S. eriocephala |
81. Largest medial blades not glaucous abaxially | S. sects. 2e1. Hastatae and 2e2. Cordatae |
81. Largest medial blades glaucous abaxially | → 91 |
82. Largest medial blades to 60 mm, margins entire, not glandular-dotted; pistillate catkins 8.5-19 mm; stipules deciduous (in autumn); staminate flowers often with abaxial and adaxial nectaries. | S. wolfii |
82. Largest medial blades to 102 mm, margins usually toothed, if entire then also glandular-dotted; pistillate catkins 11-73 mm; stipules often marcescent; staminate flowers without abaxial nectary | → 83 |
83. Largest medial blades: surfaces dull adaxially | → 84 |
83. Largest medial blades: surfaces slightly glossy adaxially | → 87 |
84. Branchlets pilose, villous, or woolly | → 85 |
84. Branchlets glabrous or puberulent | → 86 |
85. Juvenile blades tomentose, woolly, or long-silky; largest medial blades 1.5-3.4 times as long as wide, hairs white; pistillate flowering branchlets 3-15 mm; floral bracts: apex rounded to acute. | S. commutata |
85. Juvenile blades villous to pilose; largest medial blades 2-5.2 times as long as wide, hairs usually white and ferruginous; pistillate flowering branchlets 1-9 mm; floral bracts: apex rounded to retuse. | S. boothii |
86. Juvenile blades pilose to villous abaxially; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes; styles 0.3-1.4 mm; largest medial blades often amphistomatous. | S. boothii |
86. Juvenile blades glabrous or short- to long-silky abaxially; stigmas broadly cylindrical or flat, non-papillate abaxially, tip rounded; styles 0.2-0.5 mm; largest medial blades hypostomatous. | S. monochroma |
87. Floral bracts 0.4-1.1 mm; pistillate nectaries 0.2-0.4 mm; stipules on early leaves absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous; petioles deeply to shallowly grooved adaxially, usually glabrous | → 88 |
87. Floral bracts 0.7-3 mm; pistillate nectaries 0.3-1 mm; stipules foliaceous; petioles flat to shallowly grooved adaxially, pilose, tomentose, villous, or pubescent to glabrescent | → 89 |
88. Shrubs decumbent, 0.1-0.6(-1) m; stipules on late leaves rudimentary to foliaceous, 0.2-1.8(-5) mm; styles 0.3-0.7 mm; proximal blades with crenate margins. | S. myrtillifolia |
88. Shrubs erect, 1-7 m; stipules on late leaves foliaceous, 0.6-8 mm; styles 0.4-1.6 mm; proximal blades with entire or serrulate margins. | S. pseudomyrsinites |
89. Juvenile blades tomentose or long-silky; largest medial blades: abaxial surface usually moderately densely tomentose or villous (sometimes pilose to glabrescent), adaxial surface pilose or moderately densely villous to glabrescent; floral bracts tawny, brown, or bicolor; pistillate flowering branchlets 3-30 mm; stipules sometimes marcescent. | S. commutata |
89. Juvenile blades glabrous or pilose; largest medial blades: abaxial surface usually glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely short-silky, adaxial surface pilose or glabrous; floral bracts brown, black, or bicolor; pistillate flowering branchlets 1-10 mm; stipules deciduous (in autumn) | → 90 |
90. Largest medial blades 1.6-3.6 times as long as wide, elliptic to broadly so, abaxial surface glabrous or pilose, hairs white; floral bracts: apex acute to convex; stipes 0.2-1 mm. | S. arizonica |
90. Largest medial blades 2-5.2 times as long as wide, lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or broadly so, abaxial surface pilose to densely short-silky, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous, sometimes glabrous; floral bracts: apex rounded or retuse; stipes 0.5-2.5 mm. | S. boothii |
91. Largest medial blades: surfaces slightly or highly glossy adaxially | → 92 |
91. Largest medial blades dull adaxially | → 102 |
| → 93 |
92. Floral bracts brown, black, or bicolor | → 95 |
93. Branches red-brown; stipules early deciduous. | S. pyrifolia |
93. Branches yellowish to yellow-brown or gray-brown; stipules deciduous (in autumn) | → 94 |
94. Largest medial blades with distinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins slender to stout; juvenile blades pilose, villous or glabrous. | S. famelica |
94. Largest medial blades with entire or indistinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins subglobose to stout; juvenile blades long-silky or glabrous. | S. lutea |
95. Largest medial blades usually with white and ferruginous hairs on midrib of adaxial surface | → 96 |
95. Largest medial blades with white hairs on midrib of adaxial surface (S. hookeriana may have some ferruginous hairs on surfaces but not restricted to midrib) | → 98 |
96. Juvenile leaves reddish; nw California, adjacent Oregon. | S. tracyi |
96. Juvenile leaves yellowish green; Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Northwest Territories, Oregon, Wyoming, Yukon | → 97 |
97. Largest medial blades narrowly to broadly elliptic, or narrowly ovate to ovate; pistillate nectaries square or obovate; stipules on early leaves foliaceous; branches not glaucous; floral bracts: apex acute or rounded; Alaska, nw Northwest Territories, Yukon. | S. hastata |
97. Largest medial blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic; pistillate nectaries oblong or ovate; stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary (sometimes foliaceous); branches strongly to weakly glaucous or not; floral bracts: apex rounded; cordillera in Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Northwest Territories, Wyoming, Yukon. | S. farriae |
98. Floral bracts dark brown to black, 1.1-3.6 mm; styles 0.6-2.5 mm; largest medial blades 1.5-4.2 times as long as wide; stigmas usually slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.28-0.74 mm; anthers yellow | → 99 |
98. Floral bracts tawny to light brown, 0.6-1.6 mm; styles 0.1-0.6 mm; largest medial blades 2.6-7 times as long as wide; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillose, tip round, or 2 plump lobes, 0.12-0.32 mm; anthers purple turning yellow | → 100 |
99. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent, hairs white, margins serrulate, slightly revolute or flat; branches flexible at base. | S. barclayi |
99. Largest medial blades: abaxial surface pilose, villous, tomentose, or woolly, hairs often white and ferruginous, margins entire, sinuate to serrulate, or crenate, slightly revolute; branches highly brittle at base. | S. hookeriana |
100. Branches usually red-brown, sometimes gray-brown (nw California, adjacent Oregon). | S. tracyi |
100. Branches yellowish or grayish | → 101 |
101. Largest medial blades with distinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins slender to stout; juvenile blades pilose, villous, or glabrous. | S. famelica |
101. Largest medial blades with entire or indistinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins subglobose to stout; juvenile blades long-silky or glabrous. | S. lutea |
102. Largest medial blades usually with some ferruginous hairs on midrib of adaxial surface | → 103 |
102. Largest medial blades with white hairs only on midrib of adaxial surface (S. hookeriana may have ferruginous hairs on adaxial surface but not restricted to midrib) | → 104 |
103. Largest medial blades narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate; pistillate adaxial nectaries square or obovate; stipules on early leaves foliaceous; branches not glaucous; floral bracts: apex acute or rounded; Alaska, nw Northwest Territories, Yukon. | S. hastata |
103. Largest medial blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic; pistillate adaxial nectaries oblong or ovate; stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary (sometimes foliaceous); branches strongly to weakly glaucous or not; floral bracts: apex rounded to convex; cordillera in Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming. | S. farriae |
104. Largest medial blades amphistomatous | → 105 |
104. Largest medial blades usually hypostomatous, sometimes hemiamphistomatous | → 107 |
105. Branches pilose or villous; filaments hairy basally; ovaries: beak slightly bulged below styles. | S. turnorii |
105. Branches glabrous; filaments glabrous; ovaries: beak gradually tapering to styles | → 106 |
106. Styles 0.6-1.1 mm; juvenile blades villous to long-silky, with white, and sometimes ferruginous, hairs; largest medial blades 2-3.9 times as long as wide, abaxial surface glabrous; stipes 0.5-1.6mm. | S. monticola |
106. Styles 0.13-0.6 mm; juvenile blades glabrous or long-silky, hairs white; largest medial blades 2.8-5.6 times as long as wide, abaxial surface long-silky to pilose or glabrous; stipes 0.9-3.8 mm. | S. lutea |
107. Largest medial blades slightly glossy adaxially | → 108 |
107. Largest medial blades dull adaxially | → 109 |
108. Largest medial blades with distinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins slender to stout; juvenile blades pilose, villous, or glabrous. | S. famelica |
108. Largest medial blades with entire or indistinctly toothed margins; pistillate catkins subglobose or stout; juvenile blades long-silky or glabrous. | S. lutea |
109. Branches yellow-gray, yellow-brown, or gray-brown; floral bracts tawny or brown; ovaries pyriform or ovoid. | S. lutea |
109. Branches usually red-brown, rarely yellow-gray or yellow-brown; floral bracts brown or black; ovaries pyriform | → 110 |
| S. monticola |
| → 111 |
111. Largest medial blades lorate to narrowly elliptic, 2.9-6.4 times as long as wide, margins usually serrulate or serrate, rarely apparently entire; stipes 0.9-2.5 mm. | S. ligulifolia |
111. Largest medial blades narrowly oblong, lanceolate or obovate, 2.4-4.5 times as long as wide, margins prominently serrate, serrulate, or spinulose-serrulate; stipes 1.3-4.2 mm. | S. prolixa |