Salix pentandra |
Salix nivalis |
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bay-leaf or bay or laurel willow, bay-leaf willow, laurel willow |
dwarf snow willow, net-leaf willow, snow willow |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 5–15 m. Stems: branches flexible at base, brownish or yellow-green, highly glossy, glabrous; branchlets yellow-green, red-brown, or brownish, glossy, glabrous. | Plants 0.01–0.04 m, (dwarf, forming clonal mats by rhizomes). |
Stems | trailing or erect; branches yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous or pubescent; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous or pilose. |
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Leaves | stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones, apex rounded; petiole deeply to shallowly grooved adaxially, 5–15 mm, with pairs or clusters of spherical glands distally or throughout, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade hypostomatous, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or lanceolate, 50–135 × 20–50 mm, 2–4 times as long as wide, base convex, margins slightly revolute or flat, serrulate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface pale not glaucous, glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade reddish, glabrous abaxially. |
stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole 1.5–7 mm (sometimes glandular distally or throughout); largest medial blade hypostomatous, (veins impressed-reticulate, 2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex,), elliptic to broadly elliptic, 6–22 × 4–15 mm, 1.1–2.8 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, subcordate, or cuneate, margins slightly revolute, entire (glandular-dotted), apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous or with long-silky hairs, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary 0.6–1.7 mm, adaxial nectary square, ovate, or oblong, 0.5–1.5 mm, nectaries distinct or ± connate and cup-shaped; stamens 4–10; filaments distinct, hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers ellipsoid or globose, 0.5–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.5–1.3 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or square, 0.5–1.2 mm, nectaries connate and cup-shaped; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy basally; anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | (abaxial nectary present or absent), adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.4–0.8 mm, (nectaries distinct or connate and shallowly cup-shaped), shorter than or equal to stipe; stipe 0.5–1.6 mm; ovary pyriform, beak bulged below or tapering to styles; ovules 18–22 per ovary; styles connate or distinct, 0.4–0.6 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0–)0.2–0.5 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.2–1 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and shallowly cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.8 mm; ovary obturbinate, short-silky, hairs flattened, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 8–10 per ovary; styles distinct to connate 1/2 their lengths, 0.2–0.4 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, 0.2–0.26–0.36 mm. |
Capsules | 6–9 mm. |
3–4 mm. |
Catkins | staminate 27–81 × 9–13 mm, flowering branchlet 9–21 mm; pistillate moderately to densely flowered, slender or stout, 29–68 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 9–42 mm; floral bract 2–4 mm, apex acute or rounded to truncate, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely hairy (mainly proximally), hairs wavy or straight. |
staminate 7–19 × 2.5–6 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–17 mm; pistillate densely to loosely flowered (4–17 flowers), stout, subglobose or globose, 7–21 × 2–9 mm, flowering branchlet 1–10 mm; floral bract tawny or light rose, 0.8–1.8 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially glabrous. |
2n | = 76. |
= 38. |
Salix pentandra |
Salix nivalis |
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Phenology | Flowering late May-mid Jun. | Flowering late Jun-late Aug. |
Habitat | Shores of streams and lakes, marshes, roadsides, waste places | Alpine tundra, cirques, lake basins, rocky slopes and ridges, fellfields |
Elevation | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) | 1900-4000 m (6200-13100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; CT; DC; IA; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MN; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | The Ohio occurrence is based on information from T. Cooperrider (pers. comm.). Only pistillate plants of Salix pentandra are known to occur in the flora area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Because geographic overlap is small and evidence of intergradation is tenuous, Salix nivalis is best treated as a species separate from S. reticulata; S. nivalis was previously treated as a subspecies of S. reticulata (G. W. Argus 1986b, 1991). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 44. | FNA vol. 7, p. 66. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Salix > sect. Salicaster | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Chamaetia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. nivalis var. saximontana, S. reticulata subsp. nivalis, S. reticulata var. saximontana | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1016. (1753) | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 152. (1838) |
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