Salix melanopsis |
Salix petiolaris |
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dark sandbar willow, dusky willow |
meadow willow, skeleton-leaf willow, slender willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 0.8–4 m. Stems: branches gray-brown or red-brown, glabrous or hairy; branchlets gray-brown to dark red-brown, glabrous, puberulent, densely long-silky, or villous to glabrescent. | Plants 1–6 m. Stems: branches red-brown or violet, not or weakly glaucous, (dull or slightly glossy), puberulent; branchlets yellow-green to red-brown, sparsely pubescent or moderately densely velvety, (buds alba-type or intermediate). |
Leaves | stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones (apex acuminate); petiole 1.5–8 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, or linear, 30–133 × 5–20 mm, 3.4–8–15 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat, spinulose-serrulate or entire, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not, pilose, villous, or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, densely villous abaxially. |
stipules rudimentary or absent; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–11 mm, pubescent, or velvety to glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade lorate or very narrowly elliptic, 38–110 × 6–19 mm, 5–9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat to slightly revolute, entire, serrate, serrulate, or spinulose-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, densely long-silky to glabrescent, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous); proximal blade margins sometimes serrulate; juvenile blade moderately densely long-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary 0.3–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments densely hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers 0.55–0.7–0.9 mm. |
adaxial nectary square, ovate, or oblong, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct, hairy basally; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary ovate, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.1 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.7 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 13–22 per ovary; styles 0–0.14–0.5 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.5 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong to ovate, 0.3–0.9 mm; stipe 1.5–4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 6–12 per ovary; styles 0–0.5 mm; stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.26–0.4–0.8 mm. |
Capsules | 4–5 mm. |
5–9 mm. |
Catkins | staminate 18–48 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–58 × 4–9 mm, flowering branchlet 4–12 mm; floral bract (sometimes brown), 1.3–2.8 mm, apex rounded (sometimes truncate), entire or erose, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs wavy. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout to globose, 12–29 × 6–17 mm, flowering branchlet 0.8–3 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout to globose, 12–39 × 6–18 mm, flowering branchlet 1–11 mm; floral bract brown, tawny, light rose, or bicolor, 1–2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix melanopsis |
Salix petiolaris |
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Phenology | Flowering early May-mid Jul. | Flowering mid Apr-mid Jun. |
Habitat | Riparian, floodplains, stream banks, subalpine meadows, coarse-textured substrates, silt | Sedge meadows, openings in moist, low, rich deciduous woods, sandy or peaty wet prairies, lakeshores |
Elevation | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) | 10-2700 m (0-8900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CO; CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VT; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK
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Discussion | Salix fluviatilis Nuttall, long used for a Columbia River endemic (see 22. S. columbiana), is a rejected name. Hybrids: Salix melanopsis forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua, S. sessilifolia, and S. sitchensis (R. D. Dorn 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
See 107. Salix sericea for a comparative description. Because reproductive barriers between Salix petiolaris and S. eriocephala are weak, A. Mosseler (1990) suggested that their morphological variability may be due to interspecific gene flow. Hybrids: Salix petiolaris forms natural hybrids with S. bebbiana, S. candida, S. eriocephala, S. famelica, S. pellita, and S. sericea. Hybrids with S. alba have been reported (M. L. Fernald 1950) but no convincing specimens have been seen. Controlled pollinations with S. discolor produced no seed (A. Mosseler 1990). Reports of Salix petiolaris × S. sericea from Massachusetts and Pennsylvania (C. K. Schneider 1921) probably refer to the densely sericeous variant of S. petiolaris. It is sometimes named S. ×subsericea (Andersson) C. K. Schneider but does not seem to be a hybrid (G. W. Argus 1965, 1986; E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 58. | FNA vol. 7, p. 152. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Geyerianae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. bolanderiana, S. exigua var. gracilipes, S. exigua subsp. melanopsis, S. exigua var. tenerrima, S. fluviatilis var. tenerrima, S. longifolia var. tenerrima, S. melanopsis var. bolanderiana, S. melanopsis var. gracilipes, S. melanopsis var. kronkheitii, S. melanopsis var. tenerrima, S. parksiana, S. sessilifolia var. vancouverensis, S. tenerrima | S. gracilis, S. gracilis var. textoris, S. petiolaris var. gracilis, S. ×subsericea |
Name authority | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 78, plate 21. (1842) | Smith: Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 122. (1802) |
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