Salix melanopsis |
Salix lutea |
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dark sandbar willow, dusky willow |
yellow willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 0.8–4 m. Stems: branches gray-brown or red-brown, glabrous or hairy; branchlets gray-brown to dark red-brown, glabrous, puberulent, densely long-silky, or villous to glabrescent. | Shrubs, 3–7 m, (sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation). |
Stems | branches (sometimes ± brittle at base) yellow-gray, yellow-brown, or gray-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous, with sparkling wax crystals), glabrous; branchlets red-brown or brownish, glabrous or pilose, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, separating from outer layer). |
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Leaves | stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones (apex acuminate); petiole 1.5–8 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, or linear, 30–133 × 5–20 mm, 3.4–8–15 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat, spinulose-serrulate or entire, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not, pilose, villous, or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, densely villous abaxially. |
stipules rudimentary or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute or rounded; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–19 mm, pilose, velvety, or pubescent to glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), lorate, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, lanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate, 42–90 × 8–32 mm, 2.8–3.9–5.6 times as long as wide, base rounded, convex, or subcordate, margins flat, entire, serrulate, crenulate, or sinuate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, pilose, or sparsely long-silky, hairs straight, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous, pilose, sparsely long-silky, especially midrib; proximal blade margins entire, serrulate, or crenulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous or sparsely to moderately densely long-silky throughout, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary 0.3–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments densely hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers 0.55–0.7–0.9 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, square, or flask-shaped, 0.4–0.9 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, (ellipsoid or globose), 0.4–0.8 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary ovate, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.1 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.7 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 13–22 per ovary; styles 0–0.14–0.5 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.5 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.3–0.9 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.9–3.8 mm; ovary pyriform or ovoid, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–24 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.6 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.14–0.2–0.3 mm. |
Capsules | 4–5 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
Catkins | staminate 18–48 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–58 × 4–9 mm, flowering branchlet 4–12 mm; floral bract (sometimes brown), 1.3–2.8 mm, apex rounded (sometimes truncate), entire or erose, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs wavy. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout, slender, or subglobose, 10–45 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–2 mm; pistillate loosely to densely flowered, stout or subglobose, 13.5–38 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–7 mm; floral bract brown, tawny, or bicolor, 0.6–1.2 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy, hairs curly. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix melanopsis |
Salix lutea |
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Phenology | Flowering early May-mid Jul. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Riparian, floodplains, stream banks, subalpine meadows, coarse-textured substrates, silt | Banks of streams, meadows, hillsides, gullies, sandy-clay, sandy or rocky substrates |
Elevation | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WY
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Discussion | Salix fluviatilis Nuttall, long used for a Columbia River endemic (see 22. S. columbiana), is a rejected name. Hybrids: Salix melanopsis forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua, S. sessilifolia, and S. sitchensis (R. D. Dorn 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The possible occurrence of Salix lutea in Ginkgo Petrified Forest Park, Washington, needs to be investigated. Hybrids: Salix lutea forms natural hybrids with S. arizonica. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 58. | FNA vol. 7, p. 123. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cordatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. bolanderiana, S. exigua var. gracilipes, S. exigua subsp. melanopsis, S. exigua var. tenerrima, S. fluviatilis var. tenerrima, S. longifolia var. tenerrima, S. melanopsis var. bolanderiana, S. melanopsis var. gracilipes, S. melanopsis var. kronkheitii, S. melanopsis var. tenerrima, S. parksiana, S. sessilifolia var. vancouverensis, S. tenerrima | S. cordata var. watsonii, S. eriocephala var. watsonii, S. lutea var. watsonii, S. rigida var. watsonii |
Name authority | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 78, plate 21. (1842) | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 63, plate 19. (1842) |
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