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dark sandbar willow, dusky willow

Alaska bog willow

Habit Shrubs, 0.8–4 m. Stems: branches gray-brown or red-brown, glabrous or hairy; branchlets gray-brown to dark red-brown, glabrous, puberulent, densely long-silky, or villous to glabrescent. Plants 0.15–0.55 m, forming clones by layering.
Stems

decumbent or trailing;

branches yellow-brown, glabrous;

branchlets red-brown, gray-brown, or yellow-brown, glabrous.

Leaves

stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones (apex acuminate);

petiole 1.5–8 mm, glabrous adaxially;

largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, or linear, 30–133 × 5–20 mm, 3.4–8–15 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat, spinulose-serrulate or entire, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not, pilose, villous, or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, villous to glabrescent;

proximal blade margins entire or serrulate;

juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, densely villous abaxially.

stipules absent or rudimentary;

petiole 2–5.6(–6.4) mm;

largest medial blade hypostomatous, narrowly oblong, oblong, obovate, or broadly obovate, (14–)17–27(–45) × 7–21 mm, 1.4–2.5 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, or serrulate to crenate proximally, (glands marginal), apex convex, acuminate, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins entire, (sometimes hairs ferruginous abaxially);

juvenile blade glabrous.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary 0.3–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct;

filaments densely hairy on proximal 1/2;

anthers 0.55–0.7–0.9 mm.

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm;

filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous;

anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.3–0.4 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary ovate, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.1 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped;

stipe 0–0.7 mm;

ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, beak abruptly tapering to styles;

ovules 13–22 per ovary;

styles 0–0.14–0.5 mm;

stigmas slenderly cylindrical or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.5 mm.

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.4–0.9 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 0.8–2.5 mm;

ovary obclavate, pubescent or short-silky to glabrescent, hairs (often ferruginous), flattened or ribbonlike, beak abruptly tapering to styles;

ovules 8–12 per ovary;

styles connate or distinct distally, 0.1–0.4(–0.65) mm;

stigmas slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.24–0.3–0.68 mm.

Capsules

4–5 mm.

5.5–8 mm.

Catkins

staminate 18–48 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–58 × 4–9 mm, flowering branchlet 4–12 mm;

floral bract (sometimes brown), 1.3–2.8 mm, apex rounded (sometimes truncate), entire or erose, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs wavy.

staminate 8–58 × 5–19 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender, stout, or subglobose, 13.5–64(–70 in fruit) × 6.5–15 mm, flowering branchlet 4–18 mm;

floral bract brown or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs (usually white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy or straight.

2n

= 38.

Salix melanopsis

Salix fuscescens

Phenology Flowering early May-mid Jul. Flowering Jun-late Jul.
Habitat Riparian, floodplains, stream banks, subalpine meadows, coarse-textured substrates, silt Bogs, treed bogs, sedge fens, poorly drained lakeshores, wet tundra, silt or fine sandy-gravel substrates
Elevation 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; MB; NT; NU; YT; e Asia (Chukotka, Japan [Hokkaido], North Korea, Russian Far East, arctic, e Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix fluviatilis Nuttall, long used for a Columbia River endemic (see 22. S. columbiana), is a rejected name.

Hybrids:

Salix melanopsis forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua, S. sessilifolia, and S. sitchensis (R. D. Dorn 1998).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids:

Salix fuscescens forms natural hybrids on the arctic coast of Alaska with S. arctica, S. ovalifolia, and S. phlebophylla, and in continental Nunavut with S. herbacea. These hybrids are not usually recognized but they appear sporadically.

Salix fuscescens × S. herbacea has crenate margins and is often confused with the latter species.

Some specimens identified as Salix fuscescens × S. ovalifolia are similar to hybrids with S. phlebophylla, but they lack marcescent leaves.

Salix fuscescens × S. phlebophylla has obovate leaves with one or two pairs of serrulations proximally, and glaucous abaxially as in S. fuscescens, but it grows in relatively dry tundra and has the marcescent, sometimes skeletonized, leaves of S. phlebophylla.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 58. FNA vol. 7, p. 72.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. bolanderiana, S. exigua var. gracilipes, S. exigua subsp. melanopsis, S. exigua var. tenerrima, S. fluviatilis var. tenerrima, S. longifolia var. tenerrima, S. melanopsis var. bolanderiana, S. melanopsis var. gracilipes, S. melanopsis var. kronkheitii, S. melanopsis var. tenerrima, S. parksiana, S. sessilifolia var. vancouverensis, S. tenerrima S. fuscescens var. reducta
Name authority Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 78, plate 21. (1842) Andersson: Monogr. Salicum, 97. (1867)
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