Salix melanopsis |
Salix purpurea |
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dark sandbar willow, dusky willow |
basket willow, purple osier, purple osier willow, purple willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 0.8–4 m. Stems: branches gray-brown or red-brown, glabrous or hairy; branchlets gray-brown to dark red-brown, glabrous, puberulent, densely long-silky, or villous to glabrescent. | Plants sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation. |
Stems | branches (sometimes ± brittle at base), yellow-brown or olive-brown, not or weakly glaucous, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or olive-brown, violet tinged, glabrous. |
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Leaves | stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones (apex acuminate); petiole 1.5–8 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, or linear, 30–133 × 5–20 mm, 3.4–8–15 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat, spinulose-serrulate or entire, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not, pilose, villous, or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, densely villous abaxially. |
(sometimes opposite or subopposite); stipules absent; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–7 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, 35–77 × 5–20 mm, base convex or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull to sublustrous, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary 0.3–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments densely hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers 0.55–0.7–0.9 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.4–0.8 mm; filaments connate; anthers (distinct), purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary ovate, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.1 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.7 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 13–22 per ovary; styles 0–0.14–0.5 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.5 mm. |
adaxial nectary ovate, 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary obturbinate, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 6 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Capsules | 4–5 mm. |
2.5–5 mm. |
Catkins | staminate 18–48 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–58 × 4–9 mm, flowering branchlet 4–12 mm; floral bract (sometimes brown), 1.3–2.8 mm, apex rounded (sometimes truncate), entire or erose, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs wavy. |
flowering before leaves emerge, (subopposite, recurved); staminate stout or subglobose, 25–33 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender or stout, 13.5–34.5(–35 in fruit) × 3–7 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–3 mm; floral bract black or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix melanopsis |
Salix purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering early May-mid Jul. | Flowering mid Mar-mid May. |
Habitat | Riparian, floodplains, stream banks, subalpine meadows, coarse-textured substrates, silt | Floodplains and shores, fens, swamps, alder thickets, sandy and limestone beaches, low dunes |
Elevation | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Salix fluviatilis Nuttall, long used for a Columbia River endemic (see 22. S. columbiana), is a rejected name. Hybrids: Salix melanopsis forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua, S. sessilifolia, and S. sitchensis (R. D. Dorn 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix purpurea occurrence in Ohio is based on information from T. S. Cooperrider (pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 58. | FNA vol. 7, p. 162. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Helix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. bolanderiana, S. exigua var. gracilipes, S. exigua subsp. melanopsis, S. exigua var. tenerrima, S. fluviatilis var. tenerrima, S. longifolia var. tenerrima, S. melanopsis var. bolanderiana, S. melanopsis var. gracilipes, S. melanopsis var. kronkheitii, S. melanopsis var. tenerrima, S. parksiana, S. sessilifolia var. vancouverensis, S. tenerrima | |
Name authority | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 78, plate 21. (1842) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) |
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