Salix lucida
Salix eastwoodiae
Pacific willow (var. lasiandra), shining willow, whiplash willow (ssp. caudata)
Eastwood's willow, mountain willow, Sierra willow, Sierran willow
stipules foliaceous, apex convex to rounded;
petiole shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially, 5–13 mm, with clusters of spherical or foliaceous glands distally, glabrous, pilose, or densely villous adaxially;
largest medial blade usually hypostomatous or hemiamphistomatous, rarely amphistomatous, lorate, very narrowly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, (24–)55–133 × 11–43 mm, 2.5–6.2 times as long as wide, base convex or cuneate, margins flat, serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate, abaxial surface usually not glaucous (rarely so), glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous or long-silky, hairs appressed or spreading, white and/or ferruginous, straight or wavy, (coarse, caducous), adaxial (secondary veins flat or protruding), slightly or highly glossy, glabrous, pilose, or long-silky, hairs white and/or ferruginous;
proximal blade margins entire and glandular-dotted, or serrulate or crenulate;
juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous or densely villous or long-silky abaxially, hairs white and ferruginous.
stipules foliaceous, apex acute;
petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–8–17 mm, pilose or villous adaxially;
largest medial blade narrowly oblong, oblong, or elliptic, 21–57–99 × 6–20–37 mm, 1.9–2.9–5 times as long as wide, base rounded, convex, subcordate, or cordate, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate (with relatively short, slender teeth), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface not glaucous, pilose, short-silky, or densely woolly-tomentose to glabrescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely to densely silky-tomentose, midrib remaining hairy;
proximal blade margins entire or serrulate;
juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely long-silky or woolly abaxially, hairs white (sometimes yellowish).
abaxial nectary 0.5–1.1 mm, adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.3–0.9 mm, nectaries connate and cup-shaped;
stamens 3–6;
filaments distinct, hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally;
anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, obovoid, or globose, 0.6–0.8 mm.
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1.1 mm;
filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy basally;
anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, 0.5–0.9 mm.
adaxial nectary square or ovate, (swollen), 0.2–0.5 mm, shorter than stipe;
stipe 0.5–2 mm;
ovary pyriform, beak slightly bulged below or gradually tapering to styles;
ovules 18–24 per ovary;
styles connate or distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.5–0.8 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.24–0.31–0.42 mm.
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1.1 mm, longer than or equal to stipe;
stipe 0.2–1.6 mm;
ovary pyriform, short- or long-silky to glabrescent, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles;
ovules 12–16 per ovary;
styles 0.5–1.5 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, slenderly or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.18–0.39–0.76 mm (evidentially two size classes).
5–7 mm.
4–10 mm.
staminate 19–69 × 4–14 mm, flowering branchlet 5–23 mm; pistillate (fruiting in summer), moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender to stout, 23–56(–70 in fruit) × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 8–25 mm;
floral bract 1.5–3 mm, apex convex or rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely hairy throughout or proximally, hairs wavy.
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 9.5–36.5 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–7 mm; pistillate densely or moderately densely flowered, stout or subglobose, 11–51 × 8–16 mm, flowering branchlet 2–12 mm;
floral bract brown or black, 1.4–2.8 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy.
= 76.
= 76.
Salix lucida
Salix eastwoodiae
The Virginia plants of Salix lucida are introduced (G. W. Argus 1986).
The Salix lucida complex is a group of three weakly delimited taxa, S. lasiandra var. caudata, S. lasiandra var. lasiandra, and S. lucida. The morphological characters used to separate them (leaves amphistomatous or hypostomatous and blades glaucous abaxially or not) are usually geographically correlated, but there are exceptions. G. W. Argus (1986b) proposed, based on principal components analysis of morphological data, to treat them as a single species consisting of three subspecies. The geographic overlap of the northeastern S. lucida and the western S. lasiandra is a relatively small area in central Saskatchewan. Evidence of intergradation was based on cultivation of a plant that, in the wild, had leaves that were not glaucous abaxially but were glaucous in cultivation. It seems best to treat them as two species, S. lucida and S. lasiandra, the latter with two varieties, var. lasiandra and var. caudata.
Hybrids:
Salix lucida forms natural hybrids with S. alba and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. serissima have been reported (M. L. Fernald 1950) but no convincing specimens have been seen. Attempts to hybridize S. lucida with members of subg. Protitea (S. amygdaloides), subg. Longifoliae (S. interior), and subg. Vetrix (S. discolor, S. eriocephala, and S. petiolaris) were unsuccessful (A. Mosseler 1990).
Salix lucida × S. nigra (S. ×schneideri B. Boivin) seems to be a rare intersubgeneric hybrid between tetraploid S. lucida and diploid S. nigra. It is known only from the type specimen, an infertile plant, growing with both parents. It resembles S. lucida in bud-scale margins connate, in petiolar glands stalked or foliaceous, and in leaf shape, and S. nigra in stipules rudimentary on proximal leaves and sometimes even on early leaves, stipule apex acute, pistillate catkins relatively long and slender, and styles relatively short.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Salix eastwoodiae and S. commutata are distinct species with different ploidal levels, the former tetraploid and the latter diploid; where they come into contact in the Pacific Northwest, hybrids occur and vegetative plants are often difficult to separate. See comparison below. The most important difference is that ovaries of S. eastwoodiae usually are silky turning glabrescent in age and those of S. commutata are glabrous. Populations occur in Oregon with both glabrous and hairy ovaries without any other evident differences. There are also unusual specimens, which are often tentatively identified as S. eastwoodiae, that have glabrous ovaries and patches of hairs at the base and on the sutures. The possibility that they are hybrids between S. eastwoodiae and S. boothii, S. commutata, or S. lemmonii needs study.
Salix commutata is distinguished from S. eastwoodiae by having leaf blades sometimes amphistomatous, 1.5–3.4 times as long as wide, teeth 0–19 per cm, adaxial surfaces glabrous or pilose to villous, floral bracts tawny to brown, staminate and pistillate adaxial nectaries oblong to square, and ovaries glabrous; S. eastwoodiae has leaf blades hypostomatous, 1.8–5 times as long as wide, teeth 0–10 per cm, adaxial surfaces tomentose or long-silky, floral bracts brown to black, staminate and pistillate adaxial nectaries narrowly oblong to oblong, and ovaries silky to glabrescent.
Hybrids:
Salix eastwoodiae forms natural hybrids with S. arizonica, S. boothii, and S. commutata.
Salix eastwoodiae × S. lasiandra was found in Sierra County, California, growing with both parents in a wetland along a disturbed roadside. It had leaf indumentum and hair color of S. eastwoodiae and leaf shape and margins of S. lasiandra. Catkins of this intersubgeneric hybrid were teratological and presumably infertile.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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