Salix humboldtiana |
Salix euxina |
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Humboldt's willow |
brittle willow, crack willow |
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Habit | Trees, 6–18 m. Stems: branches highly brittle at base, yellow-green, yellow-brown, or gray-brown, (highly glossy), glabrous; branchlets yellow-green, yellow-brown, or red-brown, (highly glossy), glabrous. | |
Leaves | stipules rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones, (early deciduous to marcescent), apex acuminate or acute; petiole deeply grooved adaxially (margins usually touching), 6–8.6 mm, with pairs of spherical glands distally, glabrous or puberulent adaxially; largest medial blade hemiamphistomatous or hypostomatous, lanceolate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 60–120 × 14–30 mm, 3.6–6.5 times as long as wide, base convex or rounded, margins flat or slightly revolute, serrate, crenate, or crenulate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate, abaxial surface (not glaucous), glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, glabrous. |
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Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary present, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.3–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, hairy at base; anthers ellipsoid, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.6 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.6–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; styles connate, 0.3–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
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Capsules | 3–5 mm. |
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Salix | humboldtiana Willdenow: Humboldt willow is not known to occur in the flora area. |
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It | is characterized by: trees, 4–25 m; branches highly brittle at base, bud-scale margins distinct and overlapping adaxially; stipules on late leaves rudimentary or foliaceous; largest medial leaf blade usually linear, abaxial surface not glaucous, adaxial dull; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering; stamens 3–7; capsules with distinct, often raised, white veins.; it occurs throughout much of Mexico to central Chile. |
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Catkins | staminate 24–40 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 12–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout, 24–35 mm, flowering branchlet 12–15 mm; floral bract (greenish or tawny), 0.8–1.3 mm, apex convex or rounded, entire or erose, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
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2n | = 76. |
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Salix humboldtiana |
Salix euxina |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring. | |
Habitat | Cultivated or riparian | |
Distribution |
Mexico to central Chile |
ON; QC; n Asia; nw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe] |
Discussion | Salix humboldtiana is closely related to S. nigra in its generally narrow leaf blades, which are not glaucous abaxially. The two differ in the following characters: S. humboldtiana has leaf blades linear to sometimes narrowly oblong (10–28.6 times as long as wide), ovaries usually ovoid to ellipsoid, ovary walls often stomatiferous and with raised, white veins, and capsule valves relatively thick, slightly recurved. S. nigra has leaf blades usually narrowly lanceolate (6–13 times as long as wide), ovaries pyriform to obclavate, ovary walls neither stomatiferous nor notably veined, and capsule valves relatively thin and strongly recurved. Both species occur in Chihuahua, Mexico. The report by R. I. Lonard et al. (1991) that specimens identified as Salix nigra from the lower Rio Grande, Texas, resemble S. humboldtiana in having strongly veined capsules suggests that S. humboldtiana, or intergrades with that species, may occur in Texas. Attempts to locate a voucher specimen were unsuccessful; because strongly veined capsules are diagnostic, further field study is indicated. An earlier name, Salix chilensis Molina, has been applied to this species; it does not seem to pertain to this taxon (C. K. Schneider 1918). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Distribution of Salix euxina (formerly S. fragilis) in the flora area is uncertain. It may occur throughout southern Canada and the United States; often known as the cultivar “Bullata,” it rarely escapes. Salix euxina is native to the northern Black Sea and the Transcaucausian regions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 34. | FNA vol. 7, p. 43. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Salix > sect. Salix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. fragilis var. sphaerica | |
Name authority | Willdenow | I. V. Belyaeva: Taxon 58: 1345. (2009) |
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