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Humboldt's willow

creeping willow, sprouting leaf willow

Habit Plants 0.02–0.1 m, forming clones by layering or rhizomes.
Stems

trailing or erect;

branches red-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous), glabrous;

branchlets yellow-brown or greenish brown, glabrous.

Leaves

stipules (sometimes marcescent) absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones;

petiole (deeply to shallowly grooved adaxially), 3–9–20 mm, (ciliate, glabrous adaxially);

largest medial blade amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous, (sometimes with 2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex), elliptic, broadly elliptic, or subcircular, 16–42 × 12–30(–38) mm, 1–2 times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, ciliate (hairs wavy), apex convex, acuminate, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins entire or irregularly serrulate;

juvenile blade pilose to glabrescent abaxially.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary (0–)0.2–0.7 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, narrowly oblong, or ovate, 0.6–1.3 mm, nectaries distinct;

filaments distinct (glabrous);

anthers ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 mm.

Pistillate flowers

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.5–1.4 mm, longer than stipe;

stipe 0.2–0.8 mm;

ovary pyriform, sometimes glaucous, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 12–13 per ovary;

styles connate to distinct 1/2 their lengths, (0.6–)0.8–2 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.32–0.5–0.88 mm.

Capsules

4–10 mm.

Salix

humboldtiana Willdenow: Humboldt willow is not known to occur in the flora area.

It

is characterized by: trees, 4–25 m;

branches highly brittle at base, bud-scale margins distinct and overlapping adaxially;

stipules on late leaves rudimentary or foliaceous;

largest medial leaf blade usually linear, abaxial surface not glaucous, adaxial dull;

pistillate bract deciduous after flowering;

stamens 3–7;

capsules with distinct, often raised, white veins.;

it occurs throughout much of Mexico to central Chile.

Catkins

staminate 13–31 × 7–11 mm, flowering branchlet 1–15 mm;

pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, stout to globose, 15–54(–90 in fruit) × 6–15 mm, flowering branchlet 2–42 mm;

floral bract brown, 1.6–2 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy throughout or distally, hairs straight or wavy.

Salix humboldtiana

Salix stolonifera

Phenology Flowering early Jun-early Jul.
Habitat Arctic, subarctic, and alpine, wet sedge meadows, hummocky tundra, raised center polygons, Dryas-willow-sedge tundra, Dryas mats on dry ridge tops
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Mexico to central Chile
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AB; BC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix humboldtiana is closely related to S. nigra in its generally narrow leaf blades, which are not glaucous abaxially. The two differ in the following characters: S. humboldtiana has leaf blades linear to sometimes narrowly oblong (10–28.6 times as long as wide), ovaries usually ovoid to ellipsoid, ovary walls often stomatiferous and with raised, white veins, and capsule valves relatively thick, slightly recurved. S. nigra has leaf blades usually narrowly lanceolate (6–13 times as long as wide), ovaries pyriform to obclavate, ovary walls neither stomatiferous nor notably veined, and capsule valves relatively thin and strongly recurved. Both species occur in Chihuahua, Mexico.

The report by R. I. Lonard et al. (1991) that specimens identified as Salix nigra from the lower Rio Grande, Texas, resemble S. humboldtiana in having strongly veined capsules suggests that S. humboldtiana, or intergrades with that species, may occur in Texas. Attempts to locate a voucher specimen were unsuccessful; because strongly veined capsules are diagnostic, further field study is indicated.

An earlier name, Salix chilensis Molina, has been applied to this species; it does not seem to pertain to this taxon (C. K. Schneider 1918).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids:

Salix stolonifera forms natural hybrids with S. arctica and S. barclayi.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 34. FNA vol. 7, p. 75.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Ovalifoliae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Name authority Willdenow Coville: Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 333, plate 41, fig. 1. (1901)
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