Salix humboldtiana |
Salix purpurea |
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Humboldt's willow |
basket willow, purple osier, purple osier willow, purple willow |
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Habit | Plants sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation. | |
Stems | branches (sometimes ± brittle at base), yellow-brown or olive-brown, not or weakly glaucous, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or olive-brown, violet tinged, glabrous. |
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Leaves | (sometimes opposite or subopposite); stipules absent; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–7 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, 35–77 × 5–20 mm, base convex or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull to sublustrous, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.4–0.8 mm; filaments connate; anthers (distinct), purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary ovate, 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary obturbinate, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 6 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.3 mm. |
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Capsules | 2.5–5 mm. |
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Salix | humboldtiana Willdenow: Humboldt willow is not known to occur in the flora area. |
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It | is characterized by: trees, 4–25 m; branches highly brittle at base, bud-scale margins distinct and overlapping adaxially; stipules on late leaves rudimentary or foliaceous; largest medial leaf blade usually linear, abaxial surface not glaucous, adaxial dull; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering; stamens 3–7; capsules with distinct, often raised, white veins.; it occurs throughout much of Mexico to central Chile. |
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Catkins | flowering before leaves emerge, (subopposite, recurved); staminate stout or subglobose, 25–33 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender or stout, 13.5–34.5(–35 in fruit) × 3–7 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–3 mm; floral bract black or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Salix humboldtiana |
Salix purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering mid Mar-mid May. | |
Habitat | Floodplains and shores, fens, swamps, alder thickets, sandy and limestone beaches, low dunes | |
Elevation | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) | |
Distribution |
Mexico to central Chile |
CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Salix humboldtiana is closely related to S. nigra in its generally narrow leaf blades, which are not glaucous abaxially. The two differ in the following characters: S. humboldtiana has leaf blades linear to sometimes narrowly oblong (10–28.6 times as long as wide), ovaries usually ovoid to ellipsoid, ovary walls often stomatiferous and with raised, white veins, and capsule valves relatively thick, slightly recurved. S. nigra has leaf blades usually narrowly lanceolate (6–13 times as long as wide), ovaries pyriform to obclavate, ovary walls neither stomatiferous nor notably veined, and capsule valves relatively thin and strongly recurved. Both species occur in Chihuahua, Mexico. The report by R. I. Lonard et al. (1991) that specimens identified as Salix nigra from the lower Rio Grande, Texas, resemble S. humboldtiana in having strongly veined capsules suggests that S. humboldtiana, or intergrades with that species, may occur in Texas. Attempts to locate a voucher specimen were unsuccessful; because strongly veined capsules are diagnostic, further field study is indicated. An earlier name, Salix chilensis Molina, has been applied to this species; it does not seem to pertain to this taxon (C. K. Schneider 1918). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix purpurea occurrence in Ohio is based on information from T. S. Cooperrider (pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 34. | FNA vol. 7, p. 162. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Helix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Willdenow | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) |
Web links |
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