Salix hastata |
Salix pyrifolia |
|
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halberd willow |
balsam willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Plants 0.4–4 m. Stems: branches red-brown, not glaucous, (highly glossy), glabrous; branchlets red-brown, yellow-brown, or yellowish, (not or weakly glaucous), glabrous, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, not separating from outer layer). |
Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules (early deciduous), foliaceous or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute, convex, or rounded; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 7–20 mm, glabrous or sparsely velvety adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, oblong, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 30–103 × 19–40 mm, 1.5–3.4 times as long as wide, base cordate, subcordate, rounded or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, serrulate, irregularly serrate, crenate, or sinuate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins serrulate or entire; juvenile blade translucent, glabrous or pilose abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or sparsely hairy basally; anthers yellow, (ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical), 0.5–0.8 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly ovate or square, 0.3–0.7 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 1.8–3.5 mm; ovary obclavate, glabrous, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 10–19 per ovary; styles 0.4–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.23–0.32 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
7–8 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
staminate flowering just before leaves emerge, pistillate flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout or slender, 18.5–63 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout or slender, 25–85 × 8–20 mm, flowering branchlet 2–22 mm; floral bract tawny, 1–2.4 mm, apex acute or convex, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix pyrifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering May-mid Jun(-mid Jul in subalpine). |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Fens, wet lake and slough margins, treed bogs |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 0-300 m (-1600 m in subalpine) (0-1000 ft (-5200 ft in subalpine)) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; VT; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix pyrifolia is characterized by juvenile leaves membranaceous and translucent, and largest medial leaves subcoriaceous, with abaxial surfaces reticulate, and with bases often cordate. Buds and foliage are reported to have a balsam-like fragrance. Hybrids: Salix pyrifolia forms natural hybrids with S. brachycarpa var. psammophila. Hybrids with S. discolor have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950) but no convincing specimens have been seen. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 115. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. balsamifera, S. pyrifolia var. lanceolata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Andersson: Monogr. Salicum, 162, plate 8, fig. 93. (1867) |
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