Salix hastata |
Salix prolixa |
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halberd willow |
Mackenzie willow, Mackenzie's willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Shrubs, 1–5 m. Stems: branches gray-brown or red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, (with sparkling wax crystals), glabrous or moderately villous; branchlets yellow-green, or yellow-brown to red-brown, glabrous or sparsely to moderately densely velvety, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, separating from outer layer). |
Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules foliaceous, apex acuminate to rounded; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 6–12 mm, glabrous or pilose adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate, 50–150 × 10–53 mm, 2.4–4.5 times as long as wide, base cordate, subcordate, rounded, or convex, margins flat, serrate, serrulate, or spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull, glabrous, pilose, or sparsely pubescent, (sometimes adaxial stomata only along veins or apically); proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous, pilose or sparsely long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong to narrowly oblong, 0.8–1 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, (ellipsoid), 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or flask-shaped, 0.3–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 1.3–4.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak sometimes slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles 0.3–0.7 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.16–0.28–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
4–6 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender or stout, 16–41 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–3 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender or stout, 19–66 × 8–18 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–6 mm; floral bract brown, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix hastata |
Salix prolixa |
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Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering late Mar-late Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Along streams, lakes, springs, marsh margins, sandy-gravel, sandy or silty substrates |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 125. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cordatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. cordata var. mackenzieana, S. eriocephala subsp. mackenzieana, S. mackenzieana, S. mackenzieana var. macrogemma, S. rigida var. mackenzieana, S. rigida var. macrogemma |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Andersson: Monogr. Salicum, 94, plate 5, fig. 52. (1867) |
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