Salix hastata |
Salix phlebophylla |
|
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halberd willow |
skeleton-leaf willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Plants 0.01–0.07 m, (dwarf), forming clonal mats by rhizomes. |
Stems | trailing; branches red-brown or yellow-brown, glabrous; branchlets red-brown, glabrous. |
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Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
(prominently marcescent, becoming skeletonized); stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole (deeply grooved or convex to flat adaxially), 1.2–3.2(–4.8) mm, (sparsely pubescent adaxially); largest medial blade amphistomatous, (2 pairs secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex), elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate, subcircular, or circular, 7–15 × 3–11 mm, 1.1–2.5(–3.5) times as long as wide, base convex or cuneate, margins flat, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, midrib sometimes pilose, hairs long, straight, wavy, or crinkled, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade (green), glabrous abaxially or ciliate. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.4–1.1 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid or obovoid, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.4–1.6 mm, shorter than or equal to stipe; stipe 0.4–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, sparsely to moderately densely short-silky or villous, at least on beaks, hairs ribbonlike, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12 per ovary; styles connate or slightly distinct distally, 0.3–1 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.16–0.34–0.52 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
2.9–4.8 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
staminate 10–35 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–11 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout or subglobose, 12–38 × 5–11 mm, flowering branchlet 3–14 mm; floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 1–1.3 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix phlebophylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Arctic-alpine, dry Dryas-lichen tundra, polygonal tundra with stone stripes and dry raised centers, scree and colluvial slopes, grass-sedge tussock tundra, sedge meadows in drainage ways, dwarf birch thickets, granitic and sandstone substrates |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Chukotka, Russian Far East, arctic, e Siberia) |
Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hybrids: Salix phlebophylla forms natural hybrids with S. arctica, S. fuscescens, and S. rotundifolia. Salix phlebophylla × S. rotundifolia has hairy ovaries, some skeletonized leaves, a compact growth form that may lack rhizomes, and catkins with more than 15 flowers. It occurs on the Alaska arctic slope, outside the range of S. polaris. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 74. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Andersson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 72. (1858) |
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