Salix hastata |
Salix nummularia |
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halberd willow |
barren ground willow, coin-leaf willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Plants 0.01–0.03 m, (dwarf), forming clones by layering. |
Stems | trailing; branches yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, pubescent, pilose, or glabrescent. |
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Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole 1.5–2 mm (glabrous or pubescent adaxially); largest medial blade (2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex) broadly elliptic, subcircular, broadly ovate, or elliptic, 9–22(–30) × 7.5–14(–19) mm, 1.2–2 times as long as wide, base rounded, subcordate, cordate, or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade pilose or puberulent abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0.3–)0.5–0.7 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.7–1.1 mm, nectaries distinct, or connate and cup-shaped; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0–)0.6–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.4 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries connate and shallowly cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.7 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 8–10 per ovary; styles 0.2–1 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.2–0.27–0.32 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
3.5–7.5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
from lateral buds; staminate (3–8 flowers), 3.2–6.6 × 2–5.2 mm, flowering branchlet 0.8–4.6 mm; pistillate loosely flowered (3–5 flowers), shape indeterminate, 7.5–13 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–10 mm; floral bract tawny, 0.6–1.4 mm, apex rounded or truncate, entire, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix nummularia |
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Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering late Jun-early Aug (based on Russian collections). |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Exposed, relatively dry, stony, moss-lichen, and moss tundra, polygonal tundra, outcrops, marine sediments, sand dunes, restricted to snow-free areas, usually on acidic substrates |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 0-1900 m (0-6200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AK; Asia (China [Jilin], Chukotka, Japan [Hokkaido], North Korea, Russian Far East, arctic, e Siberia) |
Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix nummularia occurs in Alaska on St. Paul Island. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 68. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Herbella |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. nummularia subsp. tundricola |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Andersson: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 298. (1868) |
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