Salix hastata |
Salix lasiandra |
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halberd willow |
Pacific willow, shining willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Shrubs or trees, 1–9(–11) m. Stems: branches flexible to highly brittle at base, yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, slightly to highly glossy, glabrous or pilose to glabrescent; branchlets yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, glabrous, pilose, villous, or velvety, hairs spreading, straight, wavy, or crinkled, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free and separating from outer layer). | ||||
Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules usually foliaceous, apex convex or rounded; petiole deeply grooved adaxially, (1–)4–30 mm, with pairs or clusters of spherical or foliaceous glands distally, glabrous or pilose adaxially; largest medial blade hypostomatous, hemiamphistomatous, or amphistomatous, narrowly oblong, very narrowly to narrowly elliptic, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 53–170 × 9–31 mm, 3.1–9.8 times as long as wide, base convex or rounded, margins flat, serrulate, apex caudate to acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous or not, glabrescent or pilose, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous, straight, wavy, or curved, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous, pilose, or long-silky, hairs white and ferruginous; proximal blade margins entire and glandular-dotted or shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, moderately to very densely villous, long-silky, or glabrous abaxially, hairs white and ferruginous. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary (usually present), (0–)0.4–0.8 mm, adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct or connate and shallowly cup-shaped; stamens 3–6; filaments distinct, hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally; anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, obovoid, or globose, 0.6–1 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.8–4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak slightly bulged below or gradually tapering to styles; ovules 16–30 per ovary; styles connate, 0.2–0.8 mm; stigmas broadly cylindrical or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.4 mm. |
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Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
4–11 mm. |
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Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
(fruiting in summer, persistent); staminate 21–78 × 8–15 mm, flowering branchlet 3–27 mm; pistillate moderately to very densely flowered, slender, stout, or subglobose, 18.5–103 × 6–17 mm, flowering branchlet 6–56 mm; floral bract 1.7–4 mm, apex rounded, entire, toothed, or erose, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs wavy. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Salix hastata |
Salix lasiandra |
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Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | |||||
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Varieties of Salix lasiandra at the south end of Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, are sympatric. In that area, they differ not only in the usual characteristics, leaf glaucescence and presence of stomata in adaxial epidermis, but plants of var. lasiandra are heavily infested with sawfly galls, whereas var. caudata are not, and leaves of var. lasiandra are stiffer than those of var. caudata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 47. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Salix > sect. Salicaster | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. lucida subsp. lasiandra | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 335. (1857) | ||||
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