Salix hastata
Salix drummondiana
halberd willow
Drummond's willow
branches (highly to ± brittle at base), yellow-brown or red-brown, usually strongly glaucous, (slightly glossy), glabrous or glabrescent;
branchlets red-brown or mottled yellow-brown, (strongly to not glaucous), glabrous, puberulent, pilose, or velvety, (buds caprea-type or intermediate).
stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate;
petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially;
largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous);
proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate;
juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.
stipules usually rudimentary or absent, or foliaceous, then small and ovate or slender, apex acute;
petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–12 mm, villous or velvety adaxially;
largest medial blade lorate, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 40–85 × 9–26 mm, 3–6.2 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire, or shallowly crenate to sinuate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short- to long-silky, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), straight or wavy, adaxial slightly glossy or dull, sparsely short-silky to glabrescent, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous);
proximal blade margins entire;
juvenile blade green, very densely short-silky abaxially (sparsely so adaxially), hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm;
filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous;
anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm.
adaxial nectary oblong, 0.3–0.6 mm;
filaments distinct, glabrous;
anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.6 mm.
adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe;
stipe 0.4–1.2 mm;
ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles;
ovules 12–22 per ovary;
styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm.
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or ovate, 0.4–1 mm, shorter to longer than stipe;
stipe 0.3–2 mm;
ovary pyriform, short-silky, beak gradually tapering to styles;
ovules 6–17 per ovary;
styles 0.5–1.5 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.32–0.43–1 mm.
3.2–8 mm.
2.5–6 mm.
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm;
floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy.
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 19–40 × 8–20 mm, flowering branchlet 0 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–87(–105 in fruit) × 8–18 mm, flowering branchlet 0–3(–6) mm;
floral bract brown or black, 1.2–2.8 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.
= 38.
= 38, 57, 76.
Salix hastata
Salix drummondiana
Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae.
Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999).
Hybrids:
Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Western American Salix drummondiana and eastern S. pellita have the same close relationship as do S. scouleriana and S. humilis. In Saskatchewan, where their ranges overlap, separation is difficult. The characters shown in the comparison below often overlap but they will usually serve to separate the two. A useful diagnostic vegetative character is the frequent presence in S. pellita of epilaminal glands, which are borne on adaxial leaf surfaces well in from margins.
Salix drummondiana is distinguished from S. pellita by having stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary, sometimes foliaceous, staminate nectaries 0.3–0.6 mm, largest medial blade margins with submarginal glands, surfaces glabrescent, short-silky, dull or slightly glossy adaxially, petioles villous or velvety adaxially, and juvenile blades short-silky; S. pellita has stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary, staminate nectaries 0.6–1 mm, largest medial blade margins with epilaminal or submarginal glands, surfaces glabrous, glabrescent, pubescent, or villous, and slightly or highly glossy adaxially, petioles glabrous or pubescent adaxially, and juvenile blades glabrous, glabrescent, pubescent, or tomentose.
Salix drummondiana is distinguished from the similar, but unrelated, S. sitchensis by having branches often strongly glaucous, branchlets sparsely hairy, largest medial blades lorate, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, usually narrower, 3–6.2 times as long as wide, margins slightly revolute, and surfaces with white hairs, sometimes also ferruginous; S. sitchensis has branches not glaucous or weakly so, branchlets usually moderately to very densely hairy, largest medial blades elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, usually slightly broader, 2.1–3.1–4 times as long as wide, margins strongly revolute, and surfaces with white hairs.
Vegetative specimens of Salix drummondiana are distinguished from S. geyeriana by having largest medial blade margins revolute, surfaces usually densely short-silky adaxially, and midribs glabrous; S. geyeriana has largest medial blade margins flat, surfaces usually moderately densely long-silky adaxially, and midribs silky or glabrous.
Salix drummondiana and S. lemmonii can be separated on the basis of variable characters including: branch glaucousness, leaf size, blade hair density and color, catkin size and shape, anther length, petiole length, and chromosome number. Hybridization is rare but may occur in Lassen and Sierra counties, California.
The diploid and tetraploid chromosome numbers for Salix drummondiana have been reported from Wyoming (R. D. Dorn 1975b) and the triploid count from a disjunct population in the Lake Athabasca sand dunes, northern Saskatchewan (Y. Suda and G. W. Argus 1968).
Hybrids:
Salix drummondiana forms natural hybrids with S. alaxensis var. alaxensis, S. irrorata, and S. planifolia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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