Salix hastata |
Salix cordata |
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halberd willow |
furry willow, heart-leaf or sand dune willow, heartleaf willow, sand dune willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Plants 0.4–3 m, (often forming clones by layering or stem fragmentation). |
Stems | branches (sometimes ± brittle at base), red-brown, not glaucous (slightly glossy), tomentose to glabrescent; branchlets red-brown, moderately to very densely villous. |
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Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules foliaceous, apex acute or rounded; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 1–13 mm, tomentose adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, or narrowly to broadly elliptic, 33–88 × 13–45 mm, 1.6–3.2 times as long as wide, base cordate, rounded, or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, serrulate or spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately densely villous to glabrescent, midrib remaining hairy, hairs straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, very densely villous to glabrescent, midrib remaining hairy; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade yellowish green, abaxially villous or midrib long-silky, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.3–1.3 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers yellow, (ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical), 0.6–0.8 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.4–1.3 mm, about same length as stipe; stipe 0.5–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, glabrous, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 11–24 per ovary; styles 0.7–1.6 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.3–0.36 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
3.6–7 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 17–40 × 8–15 mm, flowering branchlet 1–8 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout or slender, 27–65 × 8–19 mm, flowering branchlet 3–16 mm; floral bract brown, 1–2.6 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix cordata |
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Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering mid Apr-early Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Sand dunes and beaches |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
IL; IN; MI; NY; PA; WI; NL; ON; QC
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix cordata seems to be rare in Labrador, Newfoundland, and Quebec; the species needs further study in those areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 106. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. adenophylla, S. syrticola |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 225. (1803) |
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