Salix hastata |
Salix commutata |
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halberd willow |
under-green willow, variable willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Plants 0.2–3 m. Stems: branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, pilose; branchlets yellow-green, yellow-brown, or red-brown, pilose to densely villous or woolly. |
Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, apex rounded or acute; petiole shallowly grooved or convex to flat adaxially, 1.5–11 mm, pilose or tomentose adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), narrowly oblong, oblong, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 10–100 × 5–44 mm, 1.5–3.4 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, subcordate, or cordate, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately densely tomentose, villous, or pilose to glabrescent, hairs wavy or straight, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, pilose or moderately densely villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade yellowish green, sparsely to densely long-silky-tomentose abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.2–0.8 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, 0.4–1 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.3–0.7 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.3–2 mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, glabrous, beak gradually to abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 10–28 per ovary; styles 0.5–1.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.16–0.34–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
3.5–8 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 15–37 × 8–20 mm, flowering branchlet 2–33 mm; pistillate densely or moderately densely flowered, slender, stout, or subglobose, 17–60 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15(–30) mm; floral bract tawny, brown, or bicolor, 1–3 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix commutata |
|
Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering late May-mid Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Rocky alpine and subalpine slopes, glacial moraine, open spruce woods, streamsides, gravel benches along streams, wet fens |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC; NT; SK; YT
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The rare occurrence in Salix commutata of plants with ovary indumentum composed of divergent, straight or wavy, flattened hairs may be hybrids with 53. S. eastwoodiae (see for discussion and comparison). Hybrids: Salix commutata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, and S. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 105. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. commutata var. denudata, S. commutata subsp. mixta, S. commutata var. puberula, S. commutata var. sericea |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Bebb: Bot. Gaz. 13: 110. (1888) |
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