Salix hastata |
Salix bonplandiana |
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halberd willow |
Bonpland willow, Bonpland's willow, red willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.2–4 m. Stems: branches reddish brown, not glaucous, (slightly glossy), pilose; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, villous or pilose. | Trees, 1–13 m. Stems: branches yellow-brown to red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellowish, streaked with red or red-brown, glabrous or puberulent, nodes hairy. |
Leaves | stipules foliaceous, apex acute to acuminate; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–6(–9) mm, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate to ovate, 25–92 × 10–45 mm, 1.5–2.6(–3.4) times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or rounded, margins slightly revolute or flat, shallowly serrulate or entire, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely pubescent, hairs wavy, adaxial dull to slightly glossy, pilose, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midrib hairy, (hairs white and ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or finely serrulate; juvenile blade sometimes reddish, sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
(marcescent), stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex rounded, convex, or acute; petiole (rarely with spherical glands distally), 4–16 mm, puberulent or pubescent to glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade lorate to narrowly lanceolate, 58–155 × 7–27 mm, 4.5–10.7 times as long as wide, base cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to crenulate or entire, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent, hairs appressed, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous, puberulent, pilose, or sparsely long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; filaments distinct or basally connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.2–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped; stamens 3–7; filaments hairy basally; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square or obovate, 0.3–0.6 mm, usually shorter than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles connate (sometimes distinct 1/2 their lengths), 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary square to oblong, 0.3–0.6 mm; stipe 0.4–2.4 mm; ovary pyriform to obturbinate, beak slightly bulged below or tapering to styles; ovules 8–18 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.3 mm; stigmas (sometimes slenderly cylindrical), 0.18–0.27–0.32 mm. |
Capsules | 3.2–8 mm. |
3–6 mm. |
Catkins | flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 14.5–34.5 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely or loosely flowered, slender or stout, 21–59 × 6–16 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 1.2–1.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, abaxially glabrate to hairy, hairs straight to wavy. |
(usually flowering throughout season and axillary, sessile), staminate 24–131 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0–12 mm; pistillate (densely to loosely flowered), 24–47 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0–10 mm; floral bract 0.6–2.2 mm, apex rounded to convex, irregularly toothed or entire, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy proximally, hairs irregularly curly; pistillate bract persistent after flowering. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix hastata |
Salix bonplandiana |
|
Phenology | Flowering early Jun-late Jul. | Flowering Feb–Apr and throughout year. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly river bars and floodplains, lakeshores, sand dunes and blowouts, Dryas tundra, alpine sedge meadows, balsam poplar thickets, openings in upland spruce-willow forests | Riparian forests, along streams, dry washes |
Elevation | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 700-2000 m (2300-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NT; YT; Eurasia (Norway, Russia, Siberia) |
AZ; Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Central America (Guatemala)
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Discussion | Salix hastata is characterized by branches pilose with short, curved hairs; juvenile and mature leaves with white or ferruginous hairs adaxially, glaucous or not abaxially; and ovaries often reddish. See 61. S. barclayi and 64. S. farriae. Subspecies subintegrifolia, characterized by entire or subentire leaf margins, is recognized in Flora Nordica as the major northern Eurasian race of Salix hastata, and is described as occurring across Russia into northwestern North America (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). Because leaf marginal toothing is highly variable throughout the species range (E. Hultén 1967), the subspecies is not recognized here or in Russia (A. K. Skvortsov 1999). Hybrids: Salix hastata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix bonplandiana and S. laevigata are closely related and are sometimes treated as varieties (R. D. Dorn 1994). Their ranges overlap in Arizona and in northern Baja California, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 116. | FNA vol. 7, p. 33. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. farriae var. walpolei, S. hastata subsp. subintegrifolia, S. walpolei | S. bonplandiana var. toumeyi |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(qto.): 24: plates 101, 102. (1817) |
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