Salix gooddingii
Salix wolfii
Goodding's black willow, Goodding's willow, Gooding's willow
Idaho willow, wolf willow, Wolf's willow
stipules broad rudiments or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (glands numerous adaxially), apex rounded to convex;
petiole (sometimes with spherical glands distally), 4–10 mm, pilose adaxially;
largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), narrowly elliptic, very broadly oblong, lorate, or linear, 67–130 × 9.5–16 mm, 4.7–12.4 times as long as wide, base cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to serrate, apex acuminate, caudate, or acute, abaxial surface (usually not glaucous, rarely thinly so), glabrous or puberulent, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose to glabrescent;
proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate;
juvenile blade sparsely velvety to pilose abaxially, hairs white.
stipules rudimentary or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex rounded, acuminate, or acute;
petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–12 mm, pubescent, long-silky, or villous adaxially;
largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 26–56 × 8–16.5 mm, 2.5–3.7–5.6 times as long as wide, base cuneate, convex, or rounded, margins flat, entire, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface not glaucous, pubescent, short-silky, or villous, hairs appressed or spreading, straight or wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely to densely silky or villous;
proximal blade margins entire;
juvenile blade yellowish green, densely short- or long-silky or villous abaxially, hairs white.
abaxial nectary (0.2–)0.3–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary square to ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct;
stamens 4–6(–8);
filaments (sometimes basally connate), hairy on proximal 1/2;
anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, (axes straight).
(abaxial nectary 0–0.2 mm), adaxial nectary oblong, 0.4–1.1 mm, (nectaries distinct);
filaments distinct, glabrous;
anthers yellow, 0.3–0.5 mm.
adaxial nectary square (flattened), 0.2–0.6 mm;
stipe 1.2–3.2 mm;
ovary pyriform, (sometimes villous), beak slightly bulged or abruptly tapering to styles;
ovules 12–18 per ovary;
styles 0.1–0.3 mm;
stigmas 0.2–0.29–0.32 mm.
adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.1 mm, shorter to longer than stipe;
stipe 0.2–0.9 mm;
ovary pyriform, glabrous or hairy, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles;
ovules 8–16 per ovary;
styles 0.3–1 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, or slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.24–0.3–0.4 mm.
6–7 mm.
3–5 mm.
staminate 19–80 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 2–23 mm; pistillate 23–82 × 6–15 mm, flowering branchlet 2–48 mm;
floral bract 1.4–2.4 mm, apex acute or rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs wavy; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering.
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 9.5–16 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5.5 mm; pistillate moderately or very densely flowered, stout, subglobose or globose, 8.5–38 × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–11 mm;
floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 0.8–2 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs wavy, straight, or curly.
= 38.
Salix gooddingii
Salix wolfii
Salix gooddingii and S. nigra are closely related and are sometimes treated as conspecific (C. R. Ball 1950). Salix gooddingii has yellow-brown or pale gray-brown branches, capsules 6–7 mm, and ovaries usually glabrous but pilose in ca. 20% of specimens. Salix nigra has red-brown to dark gray-brown branches, capsules 3–5 mm, and ovaries almost always glabrous. A single plant with pilose ovaries was found in Ontario, Canada; reports (W. A. Archer 1965) of S. nigra with hairy ovaries in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, and Texas could not be confirmed. Ranges of these taxa overlap in west-central Texas, where there is evidence of intergradation; they rarely occur in the same population. The map by E. L. Little Jr. (1971), who treated them as conspecific, shows a significant range disjunction between the two.
Catkins of Salix gooddingii flowering in March and early April are sometimes borne in leaf axils. This suggests that the sylleptic condition, typical of S. bonplandiana, is sometimes ecotypic.
Hybrids:
Salix gooddingii forms natural hybrids with S. amygdaloides and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. lasiandra have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921); no convincing specimens have been seen.
Salix gooddingii × S. laevigata: In Arizona, a population of young plants displays intermediate characteristics. They have leaf blades sparsely glaucous abaxially, as in S. laevigata, but narrow, often amphistomatous, and with petioles sometimes not glandular distally, as in S. gooddingii. Both parental species occur in the region. This hybrid was also reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) from California.
Salix gooddingii × S. nigra: This hybrid may occur in western Texas where the parental species overlap. Some specimens from that area seem to be “intermediate” in branch color, but the differences are subtle.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).
The two varieties of Salix wolfii are distinguished mainly by ovary hairiness; other characters in the key overlap. Ovaries of the typical var. wolfii are glabrous and those of var. idahoensis are hairy. In the latter variety, ovaries are sometimes hairy throughout, but most have hairs in streaks or in a patch at the base of the ovary and on the stipes. These plants usually do not set seed and may be infertile hybrids. Occasional occurrence of staminate flowers with abaxial nectaries suggests that this variety may be a hybrid with S. glauca or S. brachycarpa, although it could also be with S. eastwoodiae, as suggested by S. J. Brunsfeld and F. D. Johnson (1985). The presence of both abaxial and adaxial nectaries in staminate flowers of S. wolfii (staminate plants cannot be identified to variety) is an unusual character in subg. Vetrix; it rarely occurs in S. argyrocarpa, S. breweri, and S. orestera, but is common in S. wolfii. Both hairy ovaries and abaxial nectaries could have been acquired through hybridization and introgression, or polyploidy, with S. glauca or S. brachycarpa. Cytological study of S. wolfii may help answer this question.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Ovaries glabrous; pistillate adaxial nectaries 0.4-0.8 mm; stipes 0.2-0.9 mm. | var. wolfii |
1. Ovaries pubescent or tomentose (hairs in streaks or patches); pistillate adaxial nectaries 0.4-1.1 mm; stipes 0-0.4 mm | var. idahoensis |
CA
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
OR
Flora NW
PNW Herbaria
