Salix gooddingii
Salix fuscescens
Goodding's black willow, Goodding's willow, Gooding's willow
Alaska bog willow
decumbent or trailing;
branches yellow-brown, glabrous;
branchlets red-brown, gray-brown, or yellow-brown, glabrous.
stipules broad rudiments or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (glands numerous adaxially), apex rounded to convex;
petiole (sometimes with spherical glands distally), 4–10 mm, pilose adaxially;
largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), narrowly elliptic, very broadly oblong, lorate, or linear, 67–130 × 9.5–16 mm, 4.7–12.4 times as long as wide, base cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to serrate, apex acuminate, caudate, or acute, abaxial surface (usually not glaucous, rarely thinly so), glabrous or puberulent, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose to glabrescent;
proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate;
juvenile blade sparsely velvety to pilose abaxially, hairs white.
stipules absent or rudimentary;
petiole 2–5.6(–6.4) mm;
largest medial blade hypostomatous, narrowly oblong, oblong, obovate, or broadly obovate, (14–)17–27(–45) × 7–21 mm, 1.4–2.5 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, or serrulate to crenate proximally, (glands marginal), apex convex, acuminate, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous;
proximal blade margins entire, (sometimes hairs ferruginous abaxially);
juvenile blade glabrous.
abaxial nectary (0.2–)0.3–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary square to ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct;
stamens 4–6(–8);
filaments (sometimes basally connate), hairy on proximal 1/2;
anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, (axes straight).
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm;
filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous;
anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.3–0.4 mm.
adaxial nectary square (flattened), 0.2–0.6 mm;
stipe 1.2–3.2 mm;
ovary pyriform, (sometimes villous), beak slightly bulged or abruptly tapering to styles;
ovules 12–18 per ovary;
styles 0.1–0.3 mm;
stigmas 0.2–0.29–0.32 mm.
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.4–0.9 mm, shorter than stipe;
stipe 0.8–2.5 mm;
ovary obclavate, pubescent or short-silky to glabrescent, hairs (often ferruginous), flattened or ribbonlike, beak abruptly tapering to styles;
ovules 8–12 per ovary;
styles connate or distinct distally, 0.1–0.4(–0.65) mm;
stigmas slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.24–0.3–0.68 mm.
6–7 mm.
5.5–8 mm.
staminate 19–80 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 2–23 mm; pistillate 23–82 × 6–15 mm, flowering branchlet 2–48 mm;
floral bract 1.4–2.4 mm, apex acute or rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs wavy; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering.
staminate 8–58 × 5–19 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender, stout, or subglobose, 13.5–64(–70 in fruit) × 6.5–15 mm, flowering branchlet 4–18 mm;
floral bract brown or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs (usually white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy or straight.
= 38.
= 38.
Salix gooddingii
Salix fuscescens
Salix gooddingii and S. nigra are closely related and are sometimes treated as conspecific (C. R. Ball 1950). Salix gooddingii has yellow-brown or pale gray-brown branches, capsules 6–7 mm, and ovaries usually glabrous but pilose in ca. 20% of specimens. Salix nigra has red-brown to dark gray-brown branches, capsules 3–5 mm, and ovaries almost always glabrous. A single plant with pilose ovaries was found in Ontario, Canada; reports (W. A. Archer 1965) of S. nigra with hairy ovaries in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, and Texas could not be confirmed. Ranges of these taxa overlap in west-central Texas, where there is evidence of intergradation; they rarely occur in the same population. The map by E. L. Little Jr. (1971), who treated them as conspecific, shows a significant range disjunction between the two.
Catkins of Salix gooddingii flowering in March and early April are sometimes borne in leaf axils. This suggests that the sylleptic condition, typical of S. bonplandiana, is sometimes ecotypic.
Hybrids:
Salix gooddingii forms natural hybrids with S. amygdaloides and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. lasiandra have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921); no convincing specimens have been seen.
Salix gooddingii × S. laevigata: In Arizona, a population of young plants displays intermediate characteristics. They have leaf blades sparsely glaucous abaxially, as in S. laevigata, but narrow, often amphistomatous, and with petioles sometimes not glandular distally, as in S. gooddingii. Both parental species occur in the region. This hybrid was also reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) from California.
Salix gooddingii × S. nigra: This hybrid may occur in western Texas where the parental species overlap. Some specimens from that area seem to be “intermediate” in branch color, but the differences are subtle.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Hybrids:
Salix fuscescens forms natural hybrids on the arctic coast of Alaska with S. arctica, S. ovalifolia, and S. phlebophylla, and in continental Nunavut with S. herbacea. These hybrids are not usually recognized but they appear sporadically.
Salix fuscescens × S. herbacea has crenate margins and is often confused with the latter species.
Some specimens identified as Salix fuscescens × S. ovalifolia are similar to hybrids with S. phlebophylla, but they lack marcescent leaves.
Salix fuscescens × S. phlebophylla has obovate leaves with one or two pairs of serrulations proximally, and glaucous abaxially as in S. fuscescens, but it grows in relatively dry tundra and has the marcescent, sometimes skeletonized, leaves of S. phlebophylla.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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