Salix gooddingii |
Salix exigua |
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Goodding's black willow, Goodding's willow, Gooding's willow |
coyote willow, narrow-leaf willow, sandbar willow |
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Habit | Trees, 3–30 m. Stems: branches flexible to ± brittle at base, yellow-brown to gray-brown, pubescent to glabrescent; branchlets usually yellowish or yellow-green, sometimes reddish brown, puberulent or pubescent to glabrescent. | Shrubs or trees, 0.5–5(–17) m. Stems: branches gray-brown, red-brown, or yellow-brown, villous, or tomentose to glabrescent; branchlets yellowish, yellow-brown, or red-brown, pubescent or puberulent, tomentose, short- or long-silky villous. | ||||
Leaves | stipules broad rudiments or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (glands numerous adaxially), apex rounded to convex; petiole (sometimes with spherical glands distally), 4–10 mm, pilose adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), narrowly elliptic, very broadly oblong, lorate, or linear, 67–130 × 9.5–16 mm, 4.7–12.4 times as long as wide, base cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to serrate, apex acuminate, caudate, or acute, abaxial surface (usually not glaucous, rarely thinly so), glabrous or puberulent, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade sparsely velvety to pilose abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous or rudimentary on late ones; petiole 1–5(–10) mm, pubescent or puberulent, villous, or short-silky adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hypostomatous), linear or lorate, (glands marginal), 30–136–143 × 2–14 mm, 6.5–28(–37.5) times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins slightly revolute, entire or remotely spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate or acute, abaxial surface glaucous (sometimes obscured by hairs), densely long-silky, villous or pilose to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, straight or wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, sparsely or densely long-silky to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, densely long-silky-villous abaxially. |
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Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary (0.2–)0.3–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary square to ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct; stamens 4–6(–8); filaments (sometimes basally connate), hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, (axes straight). |
abaxial and adaxial nectaries present and distinct; filaments hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers (sometimes reddish turning yellow). |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary square (flattened), 0.2–0.6 mm; stipe 1.2–3.2 mm; ovary pyriform, (sometimes villous), beak slightly bulged or abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.3 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.29–0.32 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, relative adaxial nectary/stipe length variable even within same catkin; stipe 0–0.9 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, pilose, or villous, or sometimes beak hairy, beak bulged below or abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 12–30 per ovary; styles (sometimes distinct), 0–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.1–0.5 mm. |
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Capsules | 6–7 mm. |
4–8 mm. |
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Catkins | staminate 19–80 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 2–23 mm; pistillate 23–82 × 6–15 mm, flowering branchlet 2–48 mm; floral bract 1.4–2.4 mm, apex acute or rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs wavy; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering. |
staminate 7–54 × 2–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–56 mm; pistillate loosely to densely flowered, slender or stout, 14.5–70 × 3–12 mm, flowering branchlet 2–55 mm; floral bract 1.2–2.6 mm, apex acute, convex, or rounded, entire or erose, hairs wavy, straight, or crinkled, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, or glabrate. |
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2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
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Salix gooddingii |
Salix exigua |
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Phenology | Flowering late Mar–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Riparian forests, springs, seepage areas, washes, meadows | |||||
Elevation | -40-500(-2500) m (-100-1600(-8200) ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Salix gooddingii and S. nigra are closely related and are sometimes treated as conspecific (C. R. Ball 1950). Salix gooddingii has yellow-brown or pale gray-brown branches, capsules 6–7 mm, and ovaries usually glabrous but pilose in ca. 20% of specimens. Salix nigra has red-brown to dark gray-brown branches, capsules 3–5 mm, and ovaries almost always glabrous. A single plant with pilose ovaries was found in Ontario, Canada; reports (W. A. Archer 1965) of S. nigra with hairy ovaries in Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, and Texas could not be confirmed. Ranges of these taxa overlap in west-central Texas, where there is evidence of intergradation; they rarely occur in the same population. The map by E. L. Little Jr. (1971), who treated them as conspecific, shows a significant range disjunction between the two. Catkins of Salix gooddingii flowering in March and early April are sometimes borne in leaf axils. This suggests that the sylleptic condition, typical of S. bonplandiana, is sometimes ecotypic. Hybrids: Salix gooddingii forms natural hybrids with S. amygdaloides and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. lasiandra have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921); no convincing specimens have been seen. Salix gooddingii × S. laevigata: In Arizona, a population of young plants displays intermediate characteristics. They have leaf blades sparsely glaucous abaxially, as in S. laevigata, but narrow, often amphistomatous, and with petioles sometimes not glandular distally, as in S. gooddingii. Both parental species occur in the region. This hybrid was also reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) from California. Salix gooddingii × S. nigra: This hybrid may occur in western Texas where the parental species overlap. Some specimens from that area seem to be “intermediate” in branch color, but the differences are subtle. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 36. | FNA vol. 7, p. 54. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. gooddingii var. vallicola, S. gooddingii var. variabilis, S. nigra var. vallicola | S. fluviatilis var. exigua, S. longifolia var. exigua | ||||
Name authority | C. R. Ball: Bot. Gaz. 40: 376, plate 12, figs. 1, 2. (1905) | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 75. (1842) | ||||
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