Salix geyeriana |
Salix exigua |
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Geyer willow, Geyer's willow |
coyote willow, narrow-leaf willow, sandbar willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.6–5 m, (sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation). | Shrubs or trees, 0.5–5(–17) m. Stems: branches gray-brown, red-brown, or yellow-brown, villous, or tomentose to glabrescent; branchlets yellowish, yellow-brown, or red-brown, pubescent or puberulent, tomentose, short- or long-silky villous. | ||||
Stems | branches (sometimes ± brittle at base), yellow-green, gray-brown, red-brown, or violet, usually glaucous, glabrous or sparsely tomentose; branchlets yellowish, yellow-brown, red-brown, or violet, (strongly glaucous or not), glabrous or sparsely to moderately densely pubescent, (buds caprea-type). |
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Leaves | stipules usually absent or rudimentary (rarely foliaceous); petiole convex to flat, or shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially, 2–9 mm, velvety, short-silky, or pubescent adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly elliptic, or linear, 32–89 × 5.5–14 mm, 3.6–8.4(–11.3) times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or distantly and shallowly serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous or densely short- or long-silky, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), straight, adaxial slightly glossy, densely short- or long-silky, especially midrib, to glabrescent, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire or distantly and shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, densely to sparsely long- or short-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous or rudimentary on late ones; petiole 1–5(–10) mm, pubescent or puberulent, villous, or short-silky adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hypostomatous), linear or lorate, (glands marginal), 30–136–143 × 2–14 mm, 6.5–28(–37.5) times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins slightly revolute, entire or remotely spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate or acute, abaxial surface glaucous (sometimes obscured by hairs), densely long-silky, villous or pilose to glabrescent, hairs appressed or spreading, straight or wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, sparsely or densely long-silky to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, densely long-silky-villous abaxially. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or square, 0.3–0.8(–0.9) mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.5(–0.6) mm. |
abaxial and adaxial nectaries present and distinct; filaments hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers (sometimes reddish turning yellow). |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.2–1 mm; stipe (0.4–)1–2.8 mm; ovary pyriform (gourd-shaped), beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 6–12 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.2(–0.6) mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, 0.2–0.3–0.44 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, relative adaxial nectary/stipe length variable even within same catkin; stipe 0–0.9 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, pilose, or villous, or sometimes beak hairy, beak bulged below or abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 12–30 per ovary; styles (sometimes distinct), 0–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.1–0.5 mm. |
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Capsules | (3–)4–6 mm. |
4–8 mm. |
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Catkins | flowering (before or) as leaves emerge; staminate globose, (1–1.1–)11–18 × 6–11 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5 mm; pistillate densely to loosely flowered, subglobose to globose, 8–21 × 7–17 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–8 mm; floral bract tawny or brown (black), 1.2–2.8 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs short, wavy or straight. |
staminate 7–54 × 2–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–56 mm; pistillate loosely to densely flowered, slender or stout, 14.5–70 × 3–12 mm, flowering branchlet 2–55 mm; floral bract 1.2–2.6 mm, apex acute, convex, or rounded, entire or erose, hairs wavy, straight, or crinkled, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, or glabrate. |
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2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
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Salix geyeriana |
Salix exigua |
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Phenology | Flowering late Apr-late Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Lowland wet streamsides, lakeshores, sedge meadows, springs, seepages, swamps, cienegas, fine-textured substrates | |||||
Elevation | 10-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Salix geyeriana is characterized by its dark gray appearance, slender, dark branches, narrow leaves long-silky on both surfaces, general absence of stipules, and small, subglobose catkins. Plants in the Pacific Northwest with foliaceous stipules may be hybrids or introgressants, but the other parent is unknown. Hybrids: Salix geyeriana forms natural hybrids with S. bebbiana, S. irrorata, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, and S. pedicellaris. Alleged hybrids with S. sitchensis, based on plants from British Columbia with broader, more hairy leaves, and catkins longer than in S. geyeriana, but with the short stipes of S. sitchensis (J. K. Henry 1915), are unconvincing. Salix geyeriana × S. irrorata: A series of specimens from Arizona usually resemble S. geyeriana but have some characters of S. irrorata: foliaceous stipules, toothed leaf margins, catkins flowering before leaves emerge, shorter stipes (0.4–1.2 mm), and longer styles (0.2–0.6 mm). They also have some unique characters: proximal leaves sometimes serrulate, leaves sometimes amphistomatous, adaxial leaf surfaces mostly with ferruginous hairs, and ovaries sometimes gourd-shaped. Salix geyeriana × S. lemmonii is uncommon but in mixed stands of the parental species some plants resemble S. geyeriana in having relatively short, subspherical catkins, small anthers, and petioles sometimes with petiolar glands; and S. lemmonii in having leaf blades amphistomatous, margins serrulate, and foliaceous stipules on early leaves. Because the species have different chromosome numbers, hybrids may be infertile, but occasional seeds have been seen. This hybrid is known from California (Lassen and Sierra counties), Oregon (Jefferson and Lane counties), and near Victoria, British Columbia. Salix geyeriana × S. ligulifolia: Plants in Arizona with rudimentary stipules and leaves with ferruginous hairs may be this hybrid. Salix geyeriana × S. pedicellaris occurs in Washington. It has the white and ferruginous hairs on leaves and ovaries of S. geyeriana, and leaves glaucous adaxially with prominent 2 and 3 veins of S. pedicellaris. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 153. | FNA vol. 7, p. 54. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Geyerianae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. geyeriana var. argentea, S. geyeriana var. meleina | S. fluviatilis var. exigua, S. longifolia var. exigua | ||||
Name authority | Andersson: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 15: 122. (1858) | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 75. (1842) | ||||
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