Salix famelica |
Salix nummularia |
|
---|---|---|
hungry willow |
barren ground willow, coin-leaf willow |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, 1.5–7 m. Stems: branches yellow, yellow-gray, or yellow-brown, not glaucous, glabrous (tomentose at nodes) or pubescent; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous with sparkling wax crystals), usually glabrous, sometimes pilose, pubescent, or moderately densely villous. | Plants 0.01–0.03 m, (dwarf), forming clones by layering. |
Stems | trailing; branches yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, pubescent, pilose, or glabrescent. |
|
Leaves | stipules rudimentary or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute or rounded; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–27 mm, puberulent, pubescent, tomentose, velvety, or glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hemiamphistomatous), narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 28–116 × 10–30 mm, 2.6–3.5–7 times as long as wide, base subcordate, convex, or rounded, margins flat or slightly revolute, serrate, shallowly serrulate or crenulate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glabrous, pilose, or pubescent, midribs hairy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous, pilose, sparsely long-silky, or tomentose, midribs hairy; proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous, pilose, or villous abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole 1.5–2 mm (glabrous or pubescent adaxially); largest medial blade (2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex) broadly elliptic, subcircular, broadly ovate, or elliptic, 9–22(–30) × 7.5–14(–19) mm, 1.2–2 times as long as wide, base rounded, subcordate, cordate, or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade pilose or puberulent abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.8–1 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, (ellipsoid), 0.5–0.7 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0.3–)0.5–0.7 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.7–1.1 mm, nectaries distinct, or connate and cup-shaped; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary 0.6–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.7–2.4(–2.75) mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, glabrous, beak sometimes slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.6 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.12–0.22–0.32 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0–)0.6–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.4 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries connate and shallowly cup-shaped; stipe 0–0.7 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 8–10 per ovary; styles 0.2–1 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.2–0.27–0.32 mm. |
Capsules | 5–6 mm. |
3.5–7.5 mm. |
Catkins | staminate flowering before or just before leaves emerge, pistillate as leaves emerge; staminate slender, stout, or subglobose, 15–44 × 8–14 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–4 mm; pistillate loosely or moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 16–74(–115 in fruit) × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–9 mm; floral bract dark brown or tawny, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded or convex, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight or wavy. |
from lateral buds; staminate (3–8 flowers), 3.2–6.6 × 2–5.2 mm, flowering branchlet 0.8–4.6 mm; pistillate loosely flowered (3–5 flowers), shape indeterminate, 7.5–13 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–10 mm; floral bract tawny, 0.6–1.4 mm, apex rounded or truncate, entire, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Salix famelica |
Salix nummularia |
|
Phenology | Flowering mid Apr-mid Jun. | Flowering late Jun-early Aug (based on Russian collections). |
Habitat | Riparian willow thickets on silty, sandy-clay, gravelly, or bouldery banks and floodplains, sand dunes, alluvial fans, wet meadows, rich fens, prairie depressions, balsam poplar thickets | Exposed, relatively dry, stony, moss-lichen, and moss tundra, polygonal tundra, outcrops, marine sediments, sand dunes, restricted to snow-free areas, usually on acidic substrates |
Elevation | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) | 0-1900 m (0-6200 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; IA; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; SD; WY; AB; MB; NT; ON; SK
|
AK; Asia (China [Jilin], Chukotka, Japan [Hokkaido], North Korea, Russian Far East, arctic, e Siberia) |
Discussion | Salix famelica is a Great Plains taxon that was recognized by R. D. Dorn (1995) as S. lutea var. famelica. It is separable from the other members of sect. Cordatae mainly by its yellow-brown to gray-brown branches and contrasting red-brown branchlets. It is recognized here as a species because, although it intergrades with other taxa in the complex, it has a relatively large, allopatric distribution. Hybrids: Salix famelica forms natural hybrids with S. candida, S. eriocephala, S. petiolaris, and S. pseudomonticola. Salix famelica × S. petiolaris resembles S. famelica in having foliaceous stipules on late leaves and yellow-brown branches, and S. petiolaris in having ferruginous hairs on juvenile leaves. It is intermediate in leaf shape, in having stipules rudimentary on early leaves, and in having ovaries with patches of hairs at the base. Salix famelica × S. pseudomonticola: Saskatchewan specimens combine the characters of the parental species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix nummularia occurs in Alaska on St. Paul Island. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 121. | FNA vol. 7, p. 68. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cordatae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Herbella |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. lutea var. famelica, S. eriocephala var. famelica | S. nummularia subsp. tundricola |
Name authority | (C. R. Ball) Argus: Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 361. (2007) | Andersson: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 298. (1868) |
Web links |