Salix cinerea |
Salix calcicola |
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gray willow, large gray or gray willow, large gray willow |
limestone willow, woolly willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 3–7 m. Stems: branches brownish, not glaucous, pilose, villous, or tomentose to glabrescent, (peeled wood with striae to 62 mm); branchlets yellow-brown, pilose, velvety, or densely villous. | Plants 0.05–1.3 m, (gnarled, sometimes forming clones by layering). | ||||
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, orred-brown, not to weakly glaucous (dull or slightly glossy), villous to glabrescent; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, moderately densely to sparsely villous, (buds caprea- or arctica-type, scale inner membranaceous layer free, separating from outer layer in var. calcicola). |
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Leaves | stipules rudimentary or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute or rounded; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 4–15 mm, tomentose adaxially; largest medial blade elliptic, broadly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 65–105 × 22–52 mm, 2–3 times as long as wide, base convex or cuneate, margins slightly revolute, entire, crenate, or sinuate, (glands submarginal), apex acuminate or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, tomentose, hairs erect or spreading, curly, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, pubescent or tomentose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, sparsely to densely tomentose abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, (1–6–14 mm, 1.1–2–4.4 times as long as wide, usually ovate, oval, or narrowly elliptic, flat when pressed), apex acute, convex, or rounded; petiole shallowly grooved, or convex to flat adaxially, 1.5–3.8–9 mm, villous or pilose adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hemiamphistomatous), narrowly to broadly elliptic or subcircular, 16–31.5–61 × 10–21.8–44 mm, 0.7–1.5–2.6 times as long as wide, base rounded or convex, sometimes cordate or cuneate, margins (sometimes purplish), flat, entire or serrulate, apex acuminate, acute, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely villous or pilose to glabrescent, hairs straight, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely villous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, moderately densely villous abaxially, hairs white. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.5–1 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy basally; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.7–1 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.5–1.2 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–1 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 1.2–2.7 mm; ovary pyriform, long-silky, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.3–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, 0.2–1.1 mm, longer than or equal to stipe (rarely shorter); stipe 0.2–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 13–20 per ovary; styles 0.9–3 mm; stigmas broadly cylindrical, 0.2–0.56 mm. |
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Capsules | 5–5.6 mm. |
4–8 mm. |
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Catkins | flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 26–39 × 12–26 mm, flowering branchlet 0–5 mm; pistillate densely flowered, stout or subglobose, 27–54(–75 in fruit) × 4–15 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5(–10) mm; floral bract dark brown, black, or bicolor, 2–3 mm, apex acute or convex, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate (no data on var. glandulosior) stout, 18–45 × 13–21 mm, flowering branchlet 0 mm; pistillate (no data on var. glandulosior except flowering branchlet length) densely flowered, stout, 32–75(–100 in fruit) × 12–25 mm, flowering branchlet 0–5 mm; floral bract brown or black, 1.2–3.2 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
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2n | = 76. |
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Salix cinerea |
Salix calcicola |
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Phenology | Flowering mid Mar-late May. | |||||
Habitat | Stream shores, mesic woodlands, gravelly or sandy beaches, waste ground | |||||
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; GA; IA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; WI; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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CO; AB; MB; NU; ON; QC |
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Discussion | The Ohio occurrence of Salix cinerea is based on information from T. Cooperrider (pers. comm.). Salix cinerea and S. atrocinerea are very closely related. Their occurrence in the flora area, as naturalized introductions, is not well understood, probably because they usually are introduced under the name S. caprea, and that species often is not treated in North American floristic literature (e.g., C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950). They probably are introductions of long-standing brought to the New World for their value as ornamentals and bee-plants. Salix atrocinerea was first documented in the southeastern United States (G. W. Argus 1986) after plants with ferruginous hairs and prominently striate wood were found in North Carolina; since that time, it has been found in other states and provinces. In the northeastern states, S. atrocinerea and S. cinerea are thought to be invasive species. The species do reproduce by seed and hundreds of seedlings were observed in a drained reservoir (A. Zinovjev, pers. comm.) and on sandy pond shores (T. Rawinski, pers. comm.), where they are thought to compete with native species. The presence of long, prominent, striae on the peeled wood of 4–5 year old branches is commonly used in European literature (K. H. Rechinger 1993; A. K. Skvortsov 1999) to separate Salix cinerea and S. atrocinerea from S. caprea etc., in which the wood is smooth or with fewer, shorter striae. In the flora area, long striae also occur in S. bebbiana, S. discolor, and S. humilis, but usually they are not as long as or as prominent in S. cinerea and S. atrocinerea. Some floras (e.g., F. Martini and P. Paiero 1988) use the relative prominence of striae to separate S. cinerea and S. atrocinerea, but their separation remains difficult. The presence of ferruginous hairs on the leaves of S. atrocinerea is the best diagnostic characteristic, but they are not always present or easily observed. For a comparison of these species, see the key to species under subg. Vetrix. For further discussion of morphologies, see Salix ×smithiana Willdenow [p. 132] and 76. S. discolor. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 132. | FNA vol. 7, p. 143. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cinerella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Lanatae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. richardsonii var. macouniana, S. lanata subsp. calcicola | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Fernald & Wiegand: Rhodora 13: 251. (1911) | ||||
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