Salix cascadensis |
Salix bonplandiana |
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Cascade willow, Cascades willow |
Bonpland willow, Bonpland's willow, red willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.03–0.1 m, forming clones by rhizomes. | Trees, 1–13 m. Stems: branches yellow-brown to red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellowish, streaked with red or red-brown, glabrous or puberulent, nodes hairy. |
Stems | erect or trailing; branches yellow-brown or gray-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous), glabrous; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, glabrous or puberulent. |
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Leaves | (marcescent); stipules absent; petiole 1.5–5 mm; largest medial blade usually amphistomatous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 9–26 × 3.8–7.5 mm, 2.4–4.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat, entire, ciliate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glabrous or pilose, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous or sparsely villous abaxially. |
(marcescent), stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex rounded, convex, or acute; petiole (rarely with spherical glands distally), 4–16 mm, puberulent or pubescent to glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade lorate to narrowly lanceolate, 58–155 × 7–27 mm, 4.5–10.7 times as long as wide, base cuneate to convex, margins serrulate to crenulate or entire, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent, hairs appressed, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous, puberulent, pilose, or sparsely long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary (0–)0.2–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct or basally connate; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.2–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.2–0.6 mm, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped; stamens 3–7; filaments hairy basally; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.5–1.2 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.6 m; ovary pyriform, usually densely villous, beak abruptly tapering to or slightly bulged below styles; ovules 6–10 per ovary; styles 0.3–1 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.28–0.39–0.56 mm. |
adaxial nectary square to oblong, 0.3–0.6 mm; stipe 0.4–2.4 mm; ovary pyriform to obturbinate, beak slightly bulged below or tapering to styles; ovules 8–18 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.3 mm; stigmas (sometimes slenderly cylindrical), 0.18–0.27–0.32 mm. |
Capsules | 3.5–5 mm. |
3–6 mm. |
Catkins | staminate (20–50 flowers), 12.5–26.5 × 5.5–9 mm, flowering branchlet 1–11 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, (15–35(–43) flowers), stout or subglobose, 10–23(–30 in fruit) × 5–8 mm, flowering branchlet 2–9 mm; floral bract brown, 1.6–2.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy or ciliate, hairs wavy or straight. |
(usually flowering throughout season and axillary, sessile), staminate 24–131 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0–12 mm; pistillate (densely to loosely flowered), 24–47 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0–10 mm; floral bract 0.6–2.2 mm, apex rounded to convex, irregularly toothed or entire, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy proximally, hairs irregularly curly; pistillate bract persistent after flowering. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix cascadensis |
Salix bonplandiana |
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Phenology | Flowering early Jul-early Aug. | Flowering Feb–Apr and throughout year. |
Habitat | Mesic to dry rocky slopes, ridges, high subalpine and alpine tundra | Riparian forests, along streams, dry washes |
Elevation | 2200-3900 m (7200-12800 ft) | 700-2000 m (2300-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; UT; WA; WY; BC
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AZ; Mexico (Baja California, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Central America (Guatemala)
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Discussion | The morphological variability of Salix cascadensis is not well understood. Typically, it has leaves that are narrow, sharply pointed, and glaucous abaxially, catkins 15–43-flowered, dark brown floral bracts, and ovaries very densely hairy. Specimens with leaves not glaucous abaxially, catkins relatively few-flowered, and ovaries either sparsely hairy throughout, hairy only on beaks, or hairy in streaks, may be hybrids but the glabrous ovaried S. cascadensis var. thompsonii shows no obvious signs of hybridization. Hybrids: Salix cascadensis is suspected to hybridize with S. barclayi. Salix cascadensis × S. rotundifolia var. dodgeana resembles the former in its narrow, acute to acuminate leaves and the latter in leaves not glaucous abaxially, tawny floral bracts, relatively short catkins, and glabrous ovaries. The catkins are intermediate in being 6–7-flowered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix bonplandiana and S. laevigata are closely related and are sometimes treated as varieties (R. D. Dorn 1994). Their ranges overlap in Arizona and in northern Baja California, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 82. | FNA vol. 7, p. 33. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Diplodictyae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. tenera, S. cascadensis var. thompsonii | S. bonplandiana var. toumeyi |
Name authority | Cockerell: Muhlenbergia 3: 9. (1907) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2(qto.): 24: plates 101, 102. (1817) |
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