Salix bebbiana |
Salix jejuna |
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beak willow, Bebb willow, Bebb's willow, gray or Bebb's or long-beak willow, gray willow, grey willow, long-beak willow |
barren willow, barrens willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.01–0.04 m, usually forming clones by layering or rhizomes. | |
Stems | branches divaricate, sometimes ± brittle at base, yellow-brown to dark red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, pilose to glabrescent, peeled wood often with very dense striae, to 25 mm; branchlets yellow-green or red-brown, moderately to very densely villous to glabrescent. |
erect, decumbent, or trailing; branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules rudimentary or absent on early ones, apex acute, acuminate, or convex; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–5.5–13 mm, pubescent adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 20–44–87 × 10–16–45 mm, base cuneate, convex, or rounded, margins flat, entire, crenate, or irregularly serrate, glands submarginal, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, moderately densely pubescent or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs white or gray, wavy, adaxial finely impressed-reticulate, dull or slightly glossy, moderately densely pubescent, sparsely short-silky, or glabrescent, hairs white or gray; proximal blade margins entire, gland-dotted; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, pilose or sparsely to moderately densely tomentose or long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones; petiole 1.5–4.9–14 mm; largest medial blade amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous, elliptic, subcircular, or circular, 8–25 × 4–22 mm, 0.8–2.3 times as long as wide, base convex or rounded, margins slightly revolute, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded or convex, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade (reddish), glabrous, often ciliate. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.3–0.8 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.6–1 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to ovate, 0.6–1.3 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct; anthers ellipsoid to globose, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.8 mm; ovary obclavate, beak slightly bulged below styles (long-beaked); ovules 6–16 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.4 mm; stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, ovate, or irregularly square, 0.6–1.4 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–1 mm; ovary obnapiform, not glaucous, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent or short-silky, with hairs in patches or streaks, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 9–18 per ovary; styles connate or distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.5–1.4 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.24–0.32–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 5–9 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
Catkins | staminate flowering just before leaves emerge, pistillate flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout to globose, 10–42 × 7–16 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–11 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout, slender, or subglobose, 16.5–85 × 9–32 mm, flowering branchlet 1–26 mm; floral bract tawny, 1.2–3.2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy to glabrescent, hairs straight or wavy. |
staminate 5.5–14 × 5–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–6 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, globose, subglobose, or stout, 8–29 × 6–14 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–20 mm; floral bract brown, 1–1.8 mm, apex rounded, abaxially sparsely hairy or ciliate, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix bebbiana |
Salix jejuna |
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Phenology | Flowering early Apr-late Jun. | Flowering late Jun-mid Jul. |
Habitat | Riparian and upland conifer forests, wet lowland thickets, Picea mariana treed bogs, stream margins, lakeshores, prairie margins, dry south-facing slopes, cienegas, seeps, disturbed areas | Wet, thin, sandy-gravel soil on limestone barrens |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | 0-20 m (0-100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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NF |
Discussion | Salix bebbiana occurs in Nunavut on Akimiski Island in James Bay. Hybrids: Salix bebbiana forms natural hybrids with S. candida, S. geyeriana, S. humilis, and S. petiolaris. Reports of hybrids with S. discolor (C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950) are not based on convincing specimens, and synthetic hybrids could not be made (G. W. Argus 1974). Reports of hybrids with S. eriocephala and S. myricoides (Fernald) are unverified. Controlled pollinations with S. eriocephala and S. interior had low seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990). Salix bebbiana × S. candida (S. ×cryptodonta Fernald, as species) is intermediate between parental species. It resembles S. candida in having juvenile leaves densely woolly, mature leaves sparsely to moderately woolly abaxially, margins strongly revolute to crenulate, and ovaries woolly; and S. bebbiana in having stipes 2.8–3 mm and capsules long-beaked, 8–9 mm. The hybrid commonly occurs in Newfoundland. Salix bebbiana × S. geyeriana: A plant with the pistillate catkins and flowers of S. bebbiana and the narrow, entire or slightly serrulate leaves with white and ferruginous hairs of S. geyeriana was collected by R. D. Dorn in a mixed population in Montana (Beaverhead County). Salix bebbiana × S. humilis: Reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) and M. L. Fernald (1950) and successfully synthesized by G. W. Argus (1974, 1986). Salix bebbiana × S. petiolaris is known from Ontario, based on an infertile pistillate specimen, and from Alberta and Saskatchewan, where it is relatively uncommon. It was successfully synthesized (G. W. Argus 1974, 1986) and controlled pollinations showed high seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Salix jejuna, known from the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, is closely related to the western arctic S. ovalifolia. It is similar to S. ovalifolia in that leaves are hypostomatous, glabrous even when young, and with secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Its ovaries also are usually glabrous, but somewhat hairy plants sometimes occur in the same population. Plants with hairy ovaries may be confused with S. arctica but they are separable on the characters mentioned. Because of its small range adjacent to a highway, S. jejuna is at risk. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 134. | FNA vol. 7, p. 78. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Fulvae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Ovalifoliae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. rostrata, S. bebbiana var. capreifolia, S. bebbiana var. depilis, S. bebbiana var. luxurians, S. bebbiana var. perrostrata, S. bebbiana var. projecta, S. depressa subsp. rostrata | |
Name authority | Sargent: Gard. & Forest 8: 463. (1895) | Fernald: Rhodora 28: 177. (1926) |
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