Salix bebbiana |
Salix delnortensis |
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beak willow, Bebb willow, Bebb's willow, gray or Bebb's or long-beak willow, gray willow, grey willow, long-beak willow |
Del Norte willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 1–2 m, (sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation). | |
Stems | branches divaricate, sometimes ± brittle at base, yellow-brown to dark red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, pilose to glabrescent, peeled wood often with very dense striae, to 25 mm; branchlets yellow-green or red-brown, moderately to very densely villous to glabrescent. |
branches (highly brittle at base), red-brown, not glaucous, tomentose or velvety to glabrescent; branchlets red-brown or yellow-brown, densely velvety, (buds caprea-type). |
Leaves | stipules rudimentary or absent on early ones, apex acute, acuminate, or convex; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–5.5–13 mm, pubescent adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 20–44–87 × 10–16–45 mm, base cuneate, convex, or rounded, margins flat, entire, crenate, or irregularly serrate, glands submarginal, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, moderately densely pubescent or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs white or gray, wavy, adaxial finely impressed-reticulate, dull or slightly glossy, moderately densely pubescent, sparsely short-silky, or glabrescent, hairs white or gray; proximal blade margins entire, gland-dotted; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, pilose or sparsely to moderately densely tomentose or long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones, apex acute; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 6–16 mm, velvety or tomentose adaxially; largest medial blade elliptic or obovate, 53–102 × 29–54 mm, 1.3–2.8 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire or sinuate, apex convex, rounded, or acute, abaxial surface glaucous (sometimes obscured by hairs), densely to sparsely velvety, tomentose, villous, or short-silky, hairs erect or spreading, wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely tomentose or short-silky; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade green, very densely velvety or long-silky abaxially, hairs white or gray. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.3–0.8 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1 mm; filaments distinct or slightly connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.8 mm; ovary obclavate, beak slightly bulged below styles (long-beaked); ovules 6–16 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.4 mm; stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.4–0.9 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.3 mm; ovary obturbinate, short-silky or densely pubescent, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 14–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.2 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 5–9 mm. |
4 mm. |
Catkins | staminate flowering just before leaves emerge, pistillate flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout to globose, 10–42 × 7–16 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–11 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout, slender, or subglobose, 16.5–85 × 9–32 mm, flowering branchlet 1–26 mm; floral bract tawny, 1.2–3.2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy to glabrescent, hairs straight or wavy. |
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 25–30 × 6–13 mm, flowering branchlet 0–5 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender to stout, 17–53 × 6–8 mm, flowering branchlet 1–3 mm; floral bract brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix bebbiana |
Salix delnortensis |
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Phenology | Flowering early Apr-late Jun. | Flowering late Mar-early May. |
Habitat | Riparian and upland conifer forests, wet lowland thickets, Picea mariana treed bogs, stream margins, lakeshores, prairie margins, dry south-facing slopes, cienegas, seeps, disturbed areas | Streamshores, gravel to boulder substrates, serpentine soils |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | 90-500 m (300-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Salix bebbiana occurs in Nunavut on Akimiski Island in James Bay. Hybrids: Salix bebbiana forms natural hybrids with S. candida, S. geyeriana, S. humilis, and S. petiolaris. Reports of hybrids with S. discolor (C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950) are not based on convincing specimens, and synthetic hybrids could not be made (G. W. Argus 1974). Reports of hybrids with S. eriocephala and S. myricoides (Fernald) are unverified. Controlled pollinations with S. eriocephala and S. interior had low seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990). Salix bebbiana × S. candida (S. ×cryptodonta Fernald, as species) is intermediate between parental species. It resembles S. candida in having juvenile leaves densely woolly, mature leaves sparsely to moderately woolly abaxially, margins strongly revolute to crenulate, and ovaries woolly; and S. bebbiana in having stipes 2.8–3 mm and capsules long-beaked, 8–9 mm. The hybrid commonly occurs in Newfoundland. Salix bebbiana × S. geyeriana: A plant with the pistillate catkins and flowers of S. bebbiana and the narrow, entire or slightly serrulate leaves with white and ferruginous hairs of S. geyeriana was collected by R. D. Dorn in a mixed population in Montana (Beaverhead County). Salix bebbiana × S. humilis: Reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) and M. L. Fernald (1950) and successfully synthesized by G. W. Argus (1974, 1986). Salix bebbiana × S. petiolaris is known from Ontario, based on an infertile pistillate specimen, and from Alberta and Saskatchewan, where it is relatively uncommon. It was successfully synthesized (G. W. Argus 1974, 1986) and controlled pollinations showed high seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The origin of the serpentine endemics Salix breweri and S. delnortensis is still unresolved (G. W. Argus 1997; R. D. Dorn 2000). The possibility that they are of hybrid origin, perhaps involving S. lasiolepis and S. sitchensis (Dorn 1976), cannot be resolved by field and herbarium studies alone; cytological and experimental methods need to be employed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 134. | FNA vol. 7, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Fulvae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Sitchenses |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. rostrata, S. bebbiana var. capreifolia, S. bebbiana var. depilis, S. bebbiana var. luxurians, S. bebbiana var. perrostrata, S. bebbiana var. projecta, S. depressa subsp. rostrata | S. breweri var. delnortensis |
Name authority | Sargent: Gard. & Forest 8: 463. (1895) | C. K. Schneider: J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 96. (1919) |
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