Salix bebbiana
Salix ballii
beak willow, Bebb willow, Bebb's willow, gray or Bebb's or long-beak willow, gray willow, grey willow, long-beak willow
ball's willow
branches divaricate, sometimes ± brittle at base, yellow-brown to dark red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, pilose to glabrescent, peeled wood often with very dense striae, to 25 mm;
branchlets yellow-green or red-brown, moderately to very densely villous to glabrescent.
stipules rudimentary or absent on early ones, apex acute, acuminate, or convex;
petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–5.5–13 mm, pubescent adaxially;
largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 20–44–87 × 10–16–45 mm, base cuneate, convex, or rounded, margins flat, entire, crenate, or irregularly serrate, glands submarginal, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, moderately densely pubescent or long-silky to glabrescent, hairs white or gray, wavy, adaxial finely impressed-reticulate, dull or slightly glossy, moderately densely pubescent, sparsely short-silky, or glabrescent, hairs white or gray;
proximal blade margins entire, gland-dotted;
juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, pilose or sparsely to moderately densely tomentose or long-silky abaxially, hairs white.
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute or convex;
petiole shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially, 2.5–7.5 mm, pubescent;
largest medial blade elliptic to obovate, 23–63 × 10–35 mm, 1.4–2.8 times as long as wide, base convex or rounded, sometimes cordate or subcordate, margins flat, serrulate or sinuate, apex convex, rounded, acute, or acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on midrib, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous);
proximal blade margins serrulate or crenulate;
juvenile blade sometimes reddish, glabrous, or midrib sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.
adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.3–0.8 mm;
filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2;
anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.8 mm.
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.3–1 mm;
filaments distinct, glabrous;
anthers yellow, 0.4–0.8 mm.
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.8 mm;
ovary obclavate, beak slightly bulged below styles (long-beaked);
ovules 6–16 per ovary;
styles 0.1–0.4 mm;
stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical.
adaxial nectary square or oblong, 0.2–0.6 mm, shorter than stipe;
stipe 0.8–2 mm;
ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles;
ovules 12–18 per ovary;
styles 0.4–1 mm;
stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.2–0.3–0.36 mm.
5–9 mm.
3–6 mm.
staminate flowering just before leaves emerge, pistillate flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout to globose, 10–42 × 7–16 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–11 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout, slender, or subglobose, 16.5–85 × 9–32 mm, flowering branchlet 1–26 mm;
floral bract tawny, 1.2–3.2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy to glabrescent, hairs straight or wavy.
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 17–29.5 × 8–11 mm, flowering branchlet 3.5–12 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender, stout, or subglobose, 10–37.5(–45 in fruit) × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 2.5–16 mm;
floral bract brown or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, convex or retuse, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight, curly, or wavy.
= 38.
Salix bebbiana
Salix ballii
Salix bebbiana occurs in Nunavut on Akimiski Island in James Bay.
Hybrids:
Salix bebbiana forms natural hybrids with S. candida, S. geyeriana, S. humilis, and S. petiolaris. Reports of hybrids with S. discolor (C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950) are not based on convincing specimens, and synthetic hybrids could not be made (G. W. Argus 1974). Reports of hybrids with S. eriocephala and S. myricoides (Fernald) are unverified. Controlled pollinations with S. eriocephala and S. interior had low seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990).
Salix bebbiana × S. candida (S. ×cryptodonta Fernald, as species) is intermediate between parental species. It resembles S. candida in having juvenile leaves densely woolly, mature leaves sparsely to moderately woolly abaxially, margins strongly revolute to crenulate, and ovaries woolly; and S. bebbiana in having stipes 2.8–3 mm and capsules long-beaked, 8–9 mm. The hybrid commonly occurs in Newfoundland.
Salix bebbiana × S. geyeriana: A plant with the pistillate catkins and flowers of S. bebbiana and the narrow, entire or slightly serrulate leaves with white and ferruginous hairs of S. geyeriana was collected by R. D. Dorn in a mixed population in Montana (Beaverhead County).
Salix bebbiana × S. humilis: Reported by C. K. Schneider (1921) and M. L. Fernald (1950) and successfully synthesized by G. W. Argus (1974, 1986).
Salix bebbiana × S. petiolaris is known from Ontario, based on an infertile pistillate specimen, and from Alberta and Saskatchewan, where it is relatively uncommon. It was successfully synthesized (G. W. Argus 1974, 1986) and controlled pollinations showed high seed viability (A. Mosseler 1990).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Occurrence of Salix ballii in Nunavut is on Charlton Island in James Bay.
Salix ballii differs from S. myrtillifolia in having leaves that are distinctly glaucous abaxially. It was described as S. myrtillifolia var. brachypoda by Fernald, who noted that among the characters that distinguish it from S. myrtillifolia only the presence of leaf glaucescence does not occur elsewhere in S. myrtillifolia. This character may be lost when dried over excessive heat. For example, the only specimen supporting the occurrence of S. myrtillifolia on the Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, is a badly damaged, poorly dried collection that may have lost its glaucescence in drying. A single character difference such as this usually would not recommend a taxon for species rank, but in this case it may be justified inasmuch as S. ballii and S. myrtillifolia are allopatric. A specimen from Île Couture, Lac Mistassini Region, Quebec, may be an exception but confirmatory collections are needed.
Hybrids:
Salix ballii forms natural hybrids with S. glauca var. cordifolia (S. ×ungavensis Lepage). This sterile hybrid with aborted ovaries is known only from the type locality in northern Quebec. It generally resembles S. glauca var. cordifolia but its ovaries are glabrous except for hairy patches at the base and on the stipe. It is evidently a hybrid involving S. glauca var. cordifolia and a species with glabrous ovaries. E. Lepage (1962) was correct in suggesting that the latter was S. ballii (as S. myrtillifolia var. brachypoda). Both taxa grow together in the area; style and floral bract lengths fall within the range of S. ballii, except for a slight overlap with S. glauca var. cordifolia, and its serrulate to crenulate leaf margins are characteristic of S. ballii.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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