Salix barrattiana |
Salix columbiana |
|
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Barratt's willow |
Columbia River willow |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 0.3–1.5 m. Stems: branches red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, glabrous or villous in patches; branchlets red-brown or violet, moderately densely and coarsely villous, (bud-scale oily). | Shrubs, 2–6.5 m. Stems: branches red-brown, glabrous or hairy at nodes; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, pubescent, puberulent, or glabrous, (hairs appressed, straight or wavy). |
Leaves | stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, (resinous, 1.5–7.5 mm), apex acute; petiole shallowly grooved, or convex to flat adaxially, 4–15 mm, villous or puberulent adaxially, (weakly ventricose around floral buds); largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 35–95 × 10–29 mm, 2.2–4.2(–5) times as long as wide, base usually convex, rounded, or cuneate, sometimes cordate, margins flat, entire, apex acute, convex, or acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately to very densely long-silky tomentose to glabrescent, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, sparsely villous or pubescent to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade color sometimes obscured by hairs, very densely long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules usually absent or rudimentary, sometimes foliaceous on early ones (apex acute), rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones; petiole 2–5 mm, short-silky adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hypostomatous, glands marginal), linear or very narrowly elliptic, 58–115 × 5–17 mm, 5.7–12.8 times as long as wide, base acute or cuneate, margins flat to slightly revolute, remotely spinulose-serrulate or sinuate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous (sometimes obscured by hairs), sparsely to very densely short- or long-silky, hairs appressed to slightly spreading, straight, adaxial dull, pubescent or long-silky; proximal blade margins entire or remotely denticulate; juvenile blade color obscured by hairs, densely short-silky abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.4–1.8 mm; filaments distinct; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.3–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.5–1 mm, nectaries distinct or connate and shallowly cup-shaped; filaments hairy on proximal 1/2, throughout, or basally; anthers 0.8–1.3 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.6–1.3 mm; stipe 0.2–0.6 mm; ovary pyriform, (hairs refractive), beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 16–21 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm; stigmas 0.28–0.47–0.64 mm. |
(abaxial nectary 0.3–0.4 mm), adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.4–1.3 mm, longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and shallowly or partially cup-shaped; stipe 0.2–0.7 mm; ovary pyriform, long-silky, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 18–30 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.2(–0.4) mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, (0.3–)0.5–1.1 mm. |
Capsules | 4.5–6 mm. |
3.4–5.6 mm. |
Catkins | flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 20–57 × 13–18 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to stout, 28–92(–105 in fruit) × 12–19 mm, flowering branchlet 0–5 mm; floral bract brown or black, 2.8–5.2 mm, apex acute to convex, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 20–83 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 6–125(–200) mm; pistillate densely to moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 35–90 × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 11–160 mm; floral bract 1.4–4 mm, apex acute, rounded, retuse, or truncate, entire or toothed, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix barrattiana |
Salix columbiana |
|
Phenology | Flowering late May-late Jul. | Flowering May-late Jul. |
Habitat | Moist to wet gravel bars, fans and terraces, stream banks, shrub fens, thickets and meadows, wet alpine tundra, often on limestone substrates | Riparian, sandy-silty to sandy gravel floodplains, old beach dunes, rocky fill along streams |
Elevation | 150-3200 m (500-10500 ft) | 5-40 m (0-100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; MT; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
|
OR; WA |
Discussion | Salix barrattiana has stipules and buds that are typically strongly oily or resinous, staining pressing sheets yellow. The Montana and Wyoming records are the basis for a conservation assessment by J. A. R. Ladyman (www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/salixbarrattiana.pdf). The Wyoming population is represented by three staminate specimens. Their buds and stipules are not conspicuously oily and further verification is needed. Salix barrattiana is placed here in sect. Villosae, but it is morphologically similar also to members of sect. Lanatae. The most conspicuous difference is its hairy ovaries. Inconsistent phenetic clustering of this species (G. W. Argus 1997) shows the difficulty in determining its sectional placement. The suggestion that it may link the two sections by hybridization and introgression, or by alloploidy, still remains to be assessed. Hybrids: Salix barrattiana forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi, S. commutata, and S. pseudomyrsinites. Salix barrattiana × S. commutata: This hybrid, known from Alberta and the Yukon, usually resembles S. barrattiana, but ovaries are hairy in patches, stipes at ca. 1 mm are long for that species, and buds and stipules are not oily. A British Columbia specimen has glabrous ovaries and oily stipules. Salix barrattiana × S. pseudomyrsinites is a rare putative hybrid that combines characteristics of the two parents. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hybrids: Salix columbiana forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua and S. sessilifolia. Both hybrids are reported from Oregon and Washington (R. D. Dorn 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 148. | FNA vol. 7, p. 59. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Villosae | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. barrattiana var. marcescens | S. exigua var. columbiana |
Name authority | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 146, plate 181. (1838) | (Dorn) Argus: Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 359. (2007) |
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