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Athabasca willow

elaeagnus willow, hoary willow

Habit Plants 0.6–1.3 m, not clonal. Plants sometimes multistemmed.
Stems

erect;

branches gray-brown, hairy;

branchlets red-brown, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, (buds alba-type).

branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous;

branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, densely pubescent or tomentose.

Leaves

stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, usually rudimentary, rarely foliaceous, on late ones;

petiole (shallowly grooved adaxially), 3–10 mm, (puberulent or villous);

largest medial blade oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 17–50 × 8–18 mm, 1.9–3.2 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire, apex acuminate or convex, abaxial surface glabrescent or sparsely silky, hairs appressed or somewhat spreading, (usually white, sometimes also ferruginous), straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous, glabrescent, pilose, or sparsely long-silky along midribs and margin, (hairs usually white, sometimes also ferruginous, appressed);

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade sparsely to moderately densely villous or long-silky abaxially (hairs usually white, sometimes also ferruginous).

stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones;

petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–5 mm, tomentose or velvety adaxially;

largest medial blade linear, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5–160 × 3–10(–20) mm, base cuneate, margins strongly or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate or acute, abaxial surface glaucous, densely tomentose or woolly, (midribs yellowish, prominent), hairs appressed, curved, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent;

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade yellowish green, densely tomentose abaxially, hairs white or gray.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary (0–)0.3–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct;

filaments distinct, hairy basally or on proximal 1/2;

anthers globose, 0.4–0.6 mm.

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.9 mm;

filaments connate less or more than 1/2 their lengths;

anthers yellow, 0.5–0.7 mm.

Pistillate flowers

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.4–1.3 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 0.8–1.3 mm;

ovary pyriform, very densely long-silky, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 6–14 per ovary;

styles 0.5–1 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or broadly to slenderly cylindrical, 0.28–0.35–0.48 mm.

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm;

ovary obclavate, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 2 per ovary;

styles 0.7–0.9 mm.

Capsules

5.6–7.2 mm.

3–5 mm.

Catkins

staminate 14–31 × 8–18 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–9 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout to globose, 10–58 × 7–25 mm, flowering branchlet 3.5–26 mm;

floral bract tawny, 1–1.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, almost glabrous, hairs wavy.

flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout or slender, 26–34 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–1.5 mm; pistillate moderately to very densely flowered, slender or stout, 19–40 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0.3–3.5 mm;

floral bract light brown or tawny, 1.5–4 mm, apex rounded, truncate, or acute, entire or toothed, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.

2n

= 76, 95, 114.

= 38.

Salix athabascensis

Salix elaeagnos

Phenology Flowering late May-late Jul. Flowering Apr-mid May.
Habitat Fens, bogs, and treed bogs Cultivated
Elevation 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) 0-200 m (0-700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; SC; WI; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The three polyploid chromosome numbers reported for Salix athabascensis, as well as the presence of leaves with ferruginous hairs, otherwise unknown in sect. Myrtilloides, are indicators of allopolyploidy.

Hybrids:

Salix athabascensis forms natural hybrids with S. pedicellaris. These hybrids combine the characteristics of the parents. The ovaries may be moderately densely villous or glabrous, but commonly have hairs in patches, or the stipes may be hairy and the ovaries glabrous; juvenile blades, and sometimes mature leaves, are hairy with white and ferruginous hairs. Some plants that resemble S. athabascensis have leaves glaucous adaxially, as in S. pedicellaris. The ovaries often appear to be infertile.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Occurrence of naturalized Salix elaeagnos in the flora area is based on late nineteenth and early twentieth century collections. There is no evidence that it is now either cultivated or naturalized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 84. FNA vol. 7, p. 150.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtilloides Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Canae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. fallax, S. pedicellaris var. athabascensis
Name authority Raup: Rhodora 32: 111, plate 202. (1930) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 257. (1772)
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