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arctic willow, northern willow

Habit Plants 0.03–0.15 m, (dwarf), forming clones by layering.
Stems

prostrate, long-trailing;

branches yellow-brown, red-brown, or green-brown, glabrous;

branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown to red-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous), glabrous, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, not separating from outer layer).

Leaves

stipules rudimentary, absent, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous or rudimentary on late ones;

petiole 3–7.8–15 mm;

largest medial blade hypostomatous or hemiamphistomatous, elliptic, obovate, broadly elliptic, broadly obovate, subcircular, or oblanceolate, 15–31–60 × 6.5–16–35 mm, 1.2–3–4.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate, convex, or rounded, margins slightly revolute, inconspicuously crenulate or entire, apex usually acute or convex, sometimes rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins entire or serrulate;

juvenile blade glabrous.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, square, narrowly oblong, or ovate, 0.4–1 mm;

filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous, or hairy on proximal 1/2;

anthers ellipsoid or long-cylindrical, 0.5–0.7 mm.

Pistillate flowers

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong or narrowly oblong, 0.5–0.9 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 0.8–1.4 mm;

ovary pyriform or obclavate, pubescent or short-silky, (refractive), hairs (white, grayish, or ferruginous), crinkled, often refractive, ribbonlike, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 8–16 per ovary;

styles connate or distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.6–1.4 mm;

stigmas slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.24–0.47–0.72 mm.

Capsules

5–9 mm.

Catkins

staminate 19–54 × 7–16 mm, flowering branchlet 4–20 mm; pistillate densely to moderately densely flowered, slender to subglobose, 30–79(–130 in fruit) × 10–20 mm, flowering branchlet 8–57 mm;

floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 0.8–2.4 mm, apex rounded or acute, entire, abaxially densely hairy, hairs straight.

2n

= 76.

Salix arctophila

Phenology Flowering late May-late Jul.
Habitat Arctic-alpine, subarctic, hummocks in wet, mossy, grass or sedge meadows, margins of streams or ponds, among granite boulders, on alluvial plains, sometimes in snowbeds
Elevation 40-600 m (100-2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; ME; MB; NL; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix arctophila occurs in western Greenland.

Hybrids:

Salix arctophila forms natural hybrids with S. arctica, S. glauca var. cordifolia, and S. uva-ursi.

Salix arctophila × S. glauca var. cordifolia: Plants with villous leaves and moderately densely hairy branchlets and branches suggest this hybrid. Putative hybrids are rare but have been seen from Kuujjuaq and Ivujivik, Quebec (G. W. Argus, unpubl.), and are reported to be common in West Greenland (T. W. Böcher 1952).

Salix arctophila × S. uva-ursi is a rare hybrid. The plants often have ovaries with patches of hairs, some of which are ribbonlike, as in S. arctophila, but their habit is compact, as in S. uva-ursi, rather than long-trailing as in S. arctophila. Some specimens are infertile and are evidently hybrids, but there is little to confirm S. uva-ursi as the second parent. N. Polunin (1940b) also expressed some uncertainty about plants intermediate between S. arctophila and S. uva-ursi, and A. K. Skvortsov (1971) discounted this hybrid but noted that there were a few somewhat doubtful specimens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 73.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. arctophila var. lejocarpa, S. groenlandica var. lejocarpa
Name authority Cockerell ex A. Heller: Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 3, 89. (1910)
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