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peach-leaf willow

Chamisso willow, Chamisso's willow

Habit Trees, 4–20 m. Stems: branches flexible to ± brittle at base, yellow to gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, glabrous. Plants 0.03–0.1 m, (dwarf), forming clones by layering.
Stems

long-trailing;

branches red-brown, glabrous;

branchlets yellow-green, glabrous.

Leaves

stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous or rudimentary on late ones, apex rounded;

petiole (margins covering groove, not glandular or with spherical glands distally), 7–21 mm, glabrous or puberulent adaxially;

largest medial blade (sometimes amphistomatous), very narrowly elliptic, elliptic, lanceolate, or lorate, 55–130 × 24–37 mm, 2.8–6 times as long as wide, base convex, cuneate, or cordate, margins serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull, glabrous or sparsely pubescent along midrib;

proximal blade margins entire or shallowly serrulate;

juvenile blade glabrous or pubescent abaxially, hairs white and/or ferruginous.

stipules foliaceous;

petiole 5–13 mm, (sometimes with 1–2 pairs of spherical glands distally);

largest medial blade hypo-stomatous, broadly elliptic, subcircular, or obovate, 30–50 × 17–30 mm, (1.1–)1.6–1.9(–2.1) times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat, closely and prominently serrulate or spinulose-serrulate, (teeth 7–14 per cm), apex acuminate, convex, acute, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins entire, closely gland-dotted, or serrulate;

juvenile blade glabrous or sparsely long-silky abaxially.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary 0.2–0.7 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to square, 0.3–0.8 mm, nectaries distinct;

stamens 3–7;

filaments hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally;

anthers 0.5–0.6 mm.

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary square, 0.5–0.9 mm;

filaments distinct, glabrous;

anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.6 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary square, 0.1–0.6 mm;

stipe 1.4–3.2 mm;

ovary pyriform, beak slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 16–18 per ovary;

styles 0.2–0.4 mm;

stigmas 0.24–0.31–0.4 mm.

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary square or oblong, 0.3–1 mm, equal to or longer than stipe;

stipe 0.2–0.4 mm;

ovary obclavate, pilose or villous, hairs ribbonlike, (sometimes in patches or streaks, refractive), beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 12–18 per ovary;

styles 0.8–1.2 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.7 mm.

Capsules

3–7 mm.

5–7 mm.

Catkins

staminate 23–80 × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 3–28 mm; pistillate 41–110(–127 in fruit) × 8–16 mm, flowering branchlet 17–35 mm;

floral bract 1.5–2.8 mm, apex acute to rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy proximally, hairs wavy; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering.

staminate 30–64 × 12–22 mm, flowering branchlet 4–28 mm; pistillate densely or moderately densely flowered, stout, 32–73(–105 in fruit) × 10–17 mm, flowering branchlet 4–28 mm;

floral bract brown or black, 1.2–2.8 mm, apex convex or rounded, entire, abaxially moderately densely hairy, hairs straight.

2n

= 38.

= 114.

Salix amygdaloides

Salix chamissonis

Phenology Flowering early Apr–Jun. Flowering mid-late Jun.
Habitat Moist to mesic floodplains, shores of lakes on sandy, silty, or gravelly substrates, marshes, wet sand dune slacks Arctic-alpine, Dryas heath tundra, dwarf birch-lichen tundra, sandy lakeshores, snowbeds, rock stripes or gravel, wet seepage areas, sedge meadows, willow-dwarf birch-sphagnum bogs, limestone and shale substrates
Elevation 60-2400 m (200-7900 ft) 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Chukotka, Commander Islands, Russian Far East, disjunct in Sakhalin)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Presence of Salix amygdaloides in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont has not been verified; its occurrence in those New England states was reported by H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991), and by M. L. Fernald (1950).

Hybrids:

Salix amygdaloides forms natural hybrids with S. gooddingii and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. caroliniana (N. M. Glatfelter 1898) and S. eriocephala (M. L. Fernald 1950) have been reported; no convincing specimens have been seen. Controlled pollination between S. amygdaloides and S. eriocephala, S. interior, and S. petiolaris set no seed; controlled pollination with S. lucida produced a few seeds; some seedlings suffered necrosis in the cotyledon stage (A. Mosseler 1990).

Salix amygdaloides × S. gooddingii (S. ×wrightii Andersson): This hybrid occurs throughout the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and New Mexico (C. K. Schneider 1919; C. R. Ball 1961), and at Happy and Rio Frio, Texas, and Virgil Run, Arizona. The leaves are somewhat glaucous abaxially, as in S. amygdaloides, but they are linear to narrowly elliptic and branchlets are sparsely pubescent as in S. gooddingii.

Salix amygdaloides × S. nigra (S. ×glatfelteri C. K. Schneider) resembles S. amygdaloides in leaves somewhat glaucous abaxially, but usually linear or narrowly elliptic, as in S. nigra. The stipules are not as prominent as in S. nigra but are foliaceous on late leaves; it should be expected wherever the ranges of the two species overlap. The hybrid is common in Missouri, where N. M. Glatfelter (1894) estimated that ca. 40% of the populations were hybrids, and in Illinois (R. H. Mohlenbrock 1980; G. Wilhelm, pers. comm.). Putative hybrids occur also in Ontario. Narrow leaves are typical of juvenile plants of S. amygdaloides but even at that stage they tend to be broadest at the midpoint or toward the base rather than in a midzone as in S. nigra.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Salix chamissonis is disjunct on Attu Island in Alaska.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 37. FNA vol. 7, p. 71.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Protitea > sect. Humboldtianae Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Name authority Andersson: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 15: 114. (1858) Andersson: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 290. (1868)
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