Sagittaria isoetiformis |
Sagittaria lancifolia |
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quillwort arrowhead |
bulltongue, bulltongue arrowhead, scythefruit arrowhead |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 65 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. | Herbs, perennial, to 2 m; rhizomes coarse; stolons absent; corms absent. | ||||
Leaves | emersed or submersed, phyllodial or rarely dilated apically, flattened, 4–40 cm × 0.05–0.4(–0.5) cm. |
emersed; petiole terete, 44–58 cm; blade linear to ovate or elliptic, 20.3–35 × 0.7–16 cm. |
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Inflorescences | racemes, of 1–5 whorls, emersed, 2–20 × 1.5–12 cm; peduncles 7–59 cm; bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, oblanceolate, 0.2–0.3 mm, delicate, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–6 cm. |
racemes or panicles, of 6–13 whorls, emersed, 16–72 × 19–60 cm; peduncles 75–125.5 cm; bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3–32 mm, coarse, papillose or not; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.6–3.8 cm. |
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Flowers | to 1.3 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower; filaments dilated, shorter than anthers, minutely tomentose; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
to 3.3 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower or fruiting head; filaments cylindric, longer than anthers, pubescent; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
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Fruiting | heads 0.5–1 cm diam.; achenes obovoid, abaxially keeled, 2.2–2.8 × 1.5–2 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, wings 1–2, ± entire, glands 3–5; beak lateral, incurved-erect, 0.2 mm. |
heads 0.5–1.2 cm diam.; achenes oblanceoloid, abaxially keeled, 1.6–2.5 × 0.8–1.1 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, wings absent, glands 1; beak lateral, erect, 0.3–0.7 mm. |
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Sagittaria isoetiformis |
Sagittaria lancifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Shores of sandy-bottomed lakes, se coastal plain | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
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Discussion | Sagittaria isoetiformis has often been misidentified as Sagittaria teres (E. O. Beal 1960b). The two species can be separated, however: S. teres has nearly terete phyllodia, whereas S. isoetiformis has flattened phyllodia (R. K. Godfrey and P. Adams 1964). A study of the genetics of the two species shows them to be genetically different, and the data indicate the two taxa actually should be considered at the specific level. The two species are capable of CAM photosynthesis, a process very uncommon in the genus and found among none of their supposedly closely related species (A. L. Edwards, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | J. G. Smith: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 6:115, plate 53. (1895) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10 2: 1270. (1759) | ||||
Web links |