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Habit Herbs, perennial, to 65 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. Herbs, annual or perennial, to 75 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present.
Leaves

emersed or submersed, phyllodial or rarely dilated apically, flattened, 4–40 cm × 0.05–0.4(–0.5) cm.

emersed, sessile, phyllodial, linear to lanceolate, flattened, 15–25(–40) × 1.5–4 cm, or petiole triangular, 15–50 cm, blade linear to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–10 × 0.3–2 cm.

Inflorescences

racemes, of 1–5 whorls, emersed, 2–20 × 1.5–12 cm;

peduncles 7–59 cm;

bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, oblanceolate, 0.2–0.3 mm, delicate, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–6 cm.

racemes, of 3–6 whorls, 1.5 × 4 cm;

peduncle 20–60 cm;

bracts connate greater than or equal to ¼ total length, ovate, 4–10 mm, nearly scarious, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.8–3 cm.

Flowers

to 1.3 cm diam.;

sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower;

filaments dilated, shorter than anthers, minutely tomentose;

pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens.

to 0.8 cm diam.;

sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower;

filaments dilated, exceeding anthers in length, pubescent;

pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens.

Fruiting

heads 0.5–1 cm diam.;

achenes obovoid, abaxially keeled, 2.2–2.8 × 1.5–2 mm, beaked;

faces not tuberculate, wings 1–2, ± entire, glands 3–5;

beak lateral, incurved-erect, 0.2 mm.

heads 1.2–2 cm diam.;

achenes cuneate-obovoid, abaxially keeled, 2.5–3 × 1.4–1.8 mm, beaked;

faces not tuberculate, wings 1, ± entire, glands absent;

beak ascending to horizontal, 0.4–0.7 mm.

Sagittaria isoetiformis

Sagittaria cristata

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer (Jul–Aug).
Habitat Shores of sandy-bottomed lakes, se coastal plain Sandy margins and bottoms of lakes, ponds, and swamps
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 100–1000 m (300–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IA; IL; MI; MN; MO; NE; WI; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Sagittaria isoetiformis has often been misidentified as Sagittaria teres (E. O. Beal 1960b). The two species can be separated, however: S. teres has nearly terete phyllodia, whereas S. isoetiformis has flattened phyllodia (R. K. Godfrey and P. Adams 1964). A study of the genetics of the two species shows them to be genetically different, and the data indicate the two taxa actually should be considered at the specific level. The two species are capable of CAM photosynthesis, a process very uncommon in the genus and found among none of their supposedly closely related species (A. L. Edwards, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Alismataceae > Sagittaria Alismataceae > Sagittaria
Sibling taxa
S. ambigua, S. australis, S. brevirostra, S. cristata, S. cuneata, S. demersa, S. engelmanniana, S. fasciculata, S. filiformis, S. graminea, S. guayanensis, S. kurziana, S. lancifolia, S. latifolia, S. longiloba, S. montevidensis, S. papillosa, S. platyphylla, S. rigida, S. sanfordii, S. secundifolia, S. subulata, S. teres
S. ambigua, S. australis, S. brevirostra, S. cuneata, S. demersa, S. engelmanniana, S. fasciculata, S. filiformis, S. graminea, S. guayanensis, S. isoetiformis, S. kurziana, S. lancifolia, S. latifolia, S. longiloba, S. montevidensis, S. papillosa, S. platyphylla, S. rigida, S. sanfordii, S. secundifolia, S. subulata, S. teres
Synonyms S. graminea var. cristata
Name authority J. G. Smith: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 6:115, plate 53. (1895) Engelmann: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences 4: 29. (1883)
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