Sagittaria isoetiformis |
Sagittaria cristata |
|
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quillwort arrowhead |
crested arrowhead |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 65 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. | Herbs, annual or perennial, to 75 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present. |
Leaves | emersed or submersed, phyllodial or rarely dilated apically, flattened, 4–40 cm × 0.05–0.4(–0.5) cm. |
emersed, sessile, phyllodial, linear to lanceolate, flattened, 15–25(–40) × 1.5–4 cm, or petiole triangular, 15–50 cm, blade linear to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–10 × 0.3–2 cm. |
Inflorescences | racemes, of 1–5 whorls, emersed, 2–20 × 1.5–12 cm; peduncles 7–59 cm; bracts connate more than or equal to ¼ total length, oblanceolate, 0.2–0.3 mm, delicate, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–6 cm. |
racemes, of 3–6 whorls, 1.5 × 4 cm; peduncle 20–60 cm; bracts connate greater than or equal to ¼ total length, ovate, 4–10 mm, nearly scarious, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.8–3 cm. |
Flowers | to 1.3 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower; filaments dilated, shorter than anthers, minutely tomentose; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
to 0.8 cm diam.; sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower; filaments dilated, exceeding anthers in length, pubescent; pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens. |
Fruiting | heads 0.5–1 cm diam.; achenes obovoid, abaxially keeled, 2.2–2.8 × 1.5–2 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, wings 1–2, ± entire, glands 3–5; beak lateral, incurved-erect, 0.2 mm. |
heads 1.2–2 cm diam.; achenes cuneate-obovoid, abaxially keeled, 2.5–3 × 1.4–1.8 mm, beaked; faces not tuberculate, wings 1, ± entire, glands absent; beak ascending to horizontal, 0.4–0.7 mm. |
Sagittaria isoetiformis |
Sagittaria cristata |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Shores of sandy-bottomed lakes, se coastal plain | Sandy margins and bottoms of lakes, ponds, and swamps |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 100–1000 m (300–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC |
IA; IL; MI; MN; MO; NE; WI; ON
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Discussion | Sagittaria isoetiformis has often been misidentified as Sagittaria teres (E. O. Beal 1960b). The two species can be separated, however: S. teres has nearly terete phyllodia, whereas S. isoetiformis has flattened phyllodia (R. K. Godfrey and P. Adams 1964). A study of the genetics of the two species shows them to be genetically different, and the data indicate the two taxa actually should be considered at the specific level. The two species are capable of CAM photosynthesis, a process very uncommon in the genus and found among none of their supposedly closely related species (A. L. Edwards, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. graminea var. cristata | |
Name authority | J. G. Smith: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 6:115, plate 53. (1895) | Engelmann: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences 4: 29. (1883) |
Web links |