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grass-leaf arrowhead, grassy arrowhead, sagittaire a feuilles de graminees

quill-leaf arrowhead, quill-leaf sagittaria, slender arrowhead

Habit Herbs, perennial, to 100 cm; rhizomes coarse; stolons absent; corms absent. Herbs, perennial, to 80 cm; rhizomes absent; stolons present; corms present.
Leaves

submersed or emersed; submersed leaves phyllodial, angled abaxially, flattened adaxially, 6.4–35 × 0.5–4 cm; emersed with petiole triangular, 6.5–17 cm, blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, 2.5–17.4 × 0.2–4 cm.

emersed or submersed, sessile, phyllodial, nearly terete; emersed, to 60 × 0.15–0.7 cm; submersed, 3.5–18.5 × 0.15–0.4 cm.

Inflorescences

racemes or panicles, of 1–12 whorls, emersed, 2.5–21 × 1–8 cm;

peduncles 6.5–29.7 cm;

bracts connate more than to equal to ¼ total length, broadly subulate to lanceolate, 20–50 mm, coarse, not papillose; fruiting pedicels spreading, cylindric, 0.5–5 cm.

racemes, of 1–4 whorls, emersed, 2.5–4 × 2.5–6 cm;

peduncles 10–80 cm;

bracts connate more than or equal to total length, subulate, 2–3 mm, delicate, not papillose; fruiting pedicels obliquely ascending, filiform, 1 cm.

Flowers

to 2.3 cm diam.;

sepals recurved to spreading, not enclosing flower;

filaments dilated, shorter than anthers, pubescent;

pistillate flowers pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens.

to 1.5 cm diam.;

sepals recurved, not enclosing flower;

filaments dilated, ± equaling anthers, pubescent;

pistillate pedicellate, without ring of sterile stamens.

Fruiting

heads 0.6–1.5 cm diam.;

achenes oblanceoloid, without abaxial keel, 1.5–2.8 × 1.1–1.5 mm, beaked;

faces not tuberculate, abaxial wings 0–1, ± entire, glands 1–2;

beak lateral, erect, 0.2 mm.

heads 0.6–1 cm diam.;

achenes obovoid-cuneate, abaxially keeled, 2–3 × 1.2–1.5 mm, beaked;

faces not tuberculate, wings absent, glands 1–2;

beak erect to horizontal, 0.3–0.4 mm.

2n

= 22.

Sagittaria graminea

Sagittaria teres

Phenology Flowering summer (Jul–Sep).
Habitat Sandy pond shores and swamps of acid waters, mainly along Atlantic Coastal Plain
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; West Indies (Cuba)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MA; NJ; NY; RI
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Seven varieties of Sagittaria graminea have been recognized, i.e., var. graminea, var. platyphylla Engelmann, var. teres (S. Watson) Bogin, var. weatherbiana Fernald, var. cristata (Engelmann) Bogin, var. chapmanii J. G. Smith, and var. macrocarpa (J. G. Smith) Bogin (C. Bogin 1955). We accept only one infraspecific rank, i.e., subspecies. Consequently, we have made the appropriate combinations. We accept all of the taxa accepted by Bogin at the varietal level. At specific level we accept Bogin’s var. platyphylla, var. teres, and var. cristata and at subspecific level his var. graminea, var. chapmanii, and var. weatherbiana.

Sagittaria graminea var. macrocarpa actually is synonymous with var. graminea (E. O. Beal 1960b). We therefore are following Beal in recognizing var. macrocarpa sensu Bogin as S. fasciculata. We also accept var. platyphylla, var. teres, and var. cristata at the specific level, leaving only three subspecies. These subspecies can be separated by the branching of the inflorescence and the length of pistillate pedicels.

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences panicles.
subsp. chapmanii
1. Inflorescences racemes.
→ 2
2. Pistillate pedicels 0.5–3 cm; phyllodia less than 1 cm wide
subsp. graminea
2. Pistillate pedicels 2.1–5 cm; phyllodia more than 1 cm wide
subsp. weatherbiana
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Alismataceae > Sagittaria Alismataceae > Sagittaria
Sibling taxa
S. ambigua, S. australis, S. brevirostra, S. cristata, S. cuneata, S. demersa, S. engelmanniana, S. fasciculata, S. filiformis, S. guayanensis, S. isoetiformis, S. kurziana, S. lancifolia, S. latifolia, S. longiloba, S. montevidensis, S. papillosa, S. platyphylla, S. rigida, S. sanfordii, S. secundifolia, S. subulata, S. teres
S. ambigua, S. australis, S. brevirostra, S. cristata, S. cuneata, S. demersa, S. engelmanniana, S. fasciculata, S. filiformis, S. graminea, S. guayanensis, S. isoetiformis, S. kurziana, S. lancifolia, S. latifolia, S. longiloba, S. montevidensis, S. papillosa, S. platyphylla, S. rigida, S. sanfordii, S. secundifolia, S. subulata
Subordinate taxa
S. graminea subsp. chapmanii, S. graminea subsp. graminea, S. graminea subsp. weatherbiana
Name authority Michaux: Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 190. (1803) S. Watson: in A. Gray et al., Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 6) 555. (1890)
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