Saccharum officinarum |
Saccharum bengalense |
|
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sugarcane |
munj sweetcane, tall cane |
|
Habit | Plants with short rhizomes. | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 3-6 m tall, 2-5 cm thick, clumped, glabrous throughout or nearly so, lower internodes swollen. |
to 5 m, glabrous. |
Sheaths | sometimes ciliate at the collar margins; auricles present; ligules 2-3 mm; blades 70-150 cm long, 20-60 mm wide, usually glabrous, occasionally with hairs on the adaxial surfaces. |
|
Blades | to 2 m long, 3-25 mm wide, flat or channeled, glaucous and scabrous. |
|
Panicles | 20-90 cm, compact; primary branches 2-5 cm, considerably shorter than the supporting branches; rame internodes hirsute, hairs to 7 mm. |
|
Peduncles | 20-80 cm, glabrous; panicles 50-100 cm long, to 20 cm wide, lanceolate; rachises 30-80 cm, glabrous; primary branches 10-25 cm, appressed to spreading; rame internodes 3-6 mm, glabrous. |
|
Pedicels | 2-5 mm, glabrous. |
shorter than the sessile spikelet. |
Sessile | spikelets 3-5 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide, white to gray. |
spikelets 4-6 mm long, somewhat heteromorphic.; sessile spikelets: callus hairs to 2.5 mm, white to gray; glumes equal; lower glumes membranous, pubescent; upper glumes glabrous; lower lemmas oblong-elliptic, pubescent; upper lemmas oblong-elliptic, ciliate on the margins, acute to shortly awned; awns about 1.3 mm, not visible beyond the glumes; anthers 3. |
Callus | hairs 6-10 mm, exceeding the spikelets, white; lower glumes glabrous, 2-4-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; lower lemmas 3-4.5 mm, 2-3-veined; upper lemmas without veins, entire; awns absent; lodicule veins not extending into hairlike projections; anthers 3. |
|
Pedicellate | spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets. |
spikelets pilose on the glumes, hairs 4-9 mm. |
2n | = 80. |
= 20, 22, 40, 60. |
Saccharum officinarum |
Saccharum bengalense |
|
Distribution |
AL; FL; LA; MS; TX; PR; Virgin Islands |
PR |
Discussion | Saccharum officinarum is native to tropical Asia and the Pacific islands. It is cultivated for sugar production in various parts of the world, including Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. It is also becoming popular as an ornamental plant for gardens in warmer parts of the contiguous United States, and appears to be established in some parts of the southeastern United States. A number of different, clonally propagated color forms are available. It hybridizes with S. spontaneum (see discussion above). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Saccharum bengalense is native from Iran to northern India. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental in the Flora region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 614. | FNA vol. 25, p. 616. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. ciliare | |
Name authority | L. | Retz. |
Web links |