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sugarcane

munj sweetcane, tall cane

Habit Plants with short rhizomes. Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

3-6 m tall, 2-5 cm thick, clumped, glabrous throughout or nearly so, lower internodes swollen.

to 5 m, glabrous.

Sheaths

sometimes ciliate at the collar margins;

auricles present;

ligules 2-3 mm;

blades 70-150 cm long, 20-60 mm wide, usually glabrous, occasionally with hairs on the adaxial surfaces.

Blades

to 2 m long, 3-25 mm wide, flat or channeled, glaucous and scabrous.

Panicles

20-90 cm, compact;

primary branches 2-5 cm, considerably shorter than the supporting branches;

rame internodes hirsute, hairs to 7 mm.

Peduncles

20-80 cm, glabrous;

panicles 50-100 cm long, to 20 cm wide, lanceolate;

rachises 30-80 cm, glabrous;

primary branches 10-25 cm, appressed to spreading;

rame internodes 3-6 mm, glabrous.

Pedicels

2-5 mm, glabrous.

shorter than the sessile spikelet.

Sessile

spikelets 3-5 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide, white to gray.

spikelets 4-6 mm long, somewhat heteromorphic.;

sessile spikelets: callus hairs to 2.5 mm, white to gray;

glumes equal;

lower glumes membranous, pubescent;

upper glumes glabrous;

lower lemmas oblong-elliptic, pubescent;

upper lemmas oblong-elliptic, ciliate on the margins, acute to shortly awned;

awns about 1.3 mm, not visible beyond the glumes;

anthers 3.

Callus

hairs 6-10 mm, exceeding the spikelets, white;

lower glumes glabrous, 2-4-veined;

upper glumes 3-veined;

lower lemmas 3-4.5 mm, 2-3-veined;

upper lemmas without veins, entire;

awns absent;

lodicule veins not extending into hairlike projections;

anthers 3.

Pedicellate

spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets.

spikelets pilose on the glumes, hairs 4-9 mm.

2n

= 80.

= 20, 22, 40, 60.

Saccharum officinarum

Saccharum bengalense

Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; MS; TX; PR; Virgin Islands
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
PR
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Saccharum officinarum is native to tropical Asia and the Pacific islands. It is cultivated for sugar production in various parts of the world, including Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. It is also becoming popular as an ornamental plant for gardens in warmer parts of the contiguous United States, and appears to be established in some parts of the southeastern United States. A number of different, clonally propagated color forms are available. It hybridizes with S. spontaneum (see discussion above).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Saccharum bengalense is native from Iran to northern India. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 614. FNA vol. 25, p. 616.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum
Sibling taxa
S. alopecuroides, S. baldwinii, S. bengalense, S. brevibarbe, S. coarctatum, S. giganteum, S. ravennae, S. spontaneum
S. alopecuroides, S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe, S. coarctatum, S. giganteum, S. officinarum, S. ravennae, S. spontaneum
Synonyms S. ciliare
Name authority L. Retz.
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