Saccharum officinarum |
Saccharum alopecuroides |
|
---|---|---|
sugarcane |
silver plumegrass |
|
Habit | Plants with short rhizomes. | Plants rhizomatous. |
Culms | 3-6 m tall, 2-5 cm thick, clumped, glabrous throughout or nearly so, lower internodes swollen. |
1-2.5 m; nodes hairy, occasionally glabrate, hairs 7-12 mm. |
Sheaths | sometimes ciliate at the collar margins; auricles present; ligules 2-3 mm; blades 70-150 cm long, 20-60 mm wide, usually glabrous, occasionally with hairs on the adaxial surfaces. |
mostly glabrous, ciliate distally; auricles absent; ligules 1-3 mm; blades 30-60 cm long, 14-28 mm wide, glabrous at maturity. |
Peduncles | 20-80 cm, glabrous; panicles 50-100 cm long, to 20 cm wide, lanceolate; rachises 30-80 cm, glabrous; primary branches 10-25 cm, appressed to spreading; rame internodes 3-6 mm, glabrous. |
40-60 cm, pilose; panicles 3-10 cm wide, oblong to lanceolate; rachises 15-34 cm, densely pilose; lowest nodes glabrous or sparsely pilose; primary branches 3-12 cm, appressed; rame internodes 3-5 mm, pilose. |
Pedicels | 2-5 mm, glabrous. |
2.5-4 mm, pilose. |
Sessile | spikelets 3-5 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide, white to gray. |
spikelets 6-7 mm long, 1.1-1.4 mm wide, straw-colored; callus hairs 9-14 mm, exceeding the spikelets, silvery or purple-tinged; lower glumes 5-veined, smooth; upper glumes 3-5-veined; lower lemmas 4.8-5.6 mm, without veins or 1-veined; upper lemmas 4-4.6 mm, 1-veined, bifid, teeth 1.8-2 mm, ciliate; awns 14-20 mm, flattened and spirally coiled at the base; lodicule veins not extending into hairlike projections; anthers 2. |
Callus | hairs 6-10 mm, exceeding the spikelets, white; lower glumes glabrous, 2-4-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; lower lemmas 3-4.5 mm, 2-3-veined; upper lemmas without veins, entire; awns absent; lodicule veins not extending into hairlike projections; anthers 3. |
|
Pedicellate | spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets. |
spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets, except frequently pilose. |
2n | = 80. |
= 30. |
Saccharum officinarum |
Saccharum alopecuroides |
|
Distribution |
AL; FL; LA; MS; TX; PR; Virgin Islands |
AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | Saccharum officinarum is native to tropical Asia and the Pacific islands. It is cultivated for sugar production in various parts of the world, including Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. It is also becoming popular as an ornamental plant for gardens in warmer parts of the contiguous United States, and appears to be established in some parts of the southeastern United States. A number of different, clonally propagated color forms are available. It hybridizes with S. spontaneum (see discussion above). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Saccharum alopecuroides grows in damp woods, open areas, and field margins. It is restricted to the southeastern United States. It is rare or non-existent on the sandy coastal plain, and there are few specimens from southern Florida and the higher elevations of the Appalachian Mountains. The combination of long rhizomes, long silvery callus hairs, and spirally coiled awns distinguish S. alopecuroides from all other species in the region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 614. | FNA vol. 25, p. 612. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erianthus alopecuroides | |
Name authority | L. | (L.) Nutt. |
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