Saccharum giganteum |
Saccharum spontaneum |
|
---|---|---|
sugarcane plumegrass |
wild sugarcane |
|
Habit | Plants rhizomatous. | Plants with long rhizomes. |
Culms | 1-2.5 m; nodes sericeous, hairs to 5 mm. |
2-4 m tall, 0.6-2 cm thick, solitary or few together. |
Sheaths | glabrate or glabrous; auricles absent; ligules 2-6 mm; blades usually 35-70 cm long, 8-30 mm wide, adaxial surfaces glabrous or pilose. |
usually glabrous; ligules 1.5-3 mm; blades 50-100 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, usually glabrous, markedly hirsute above the ligules. |
Peduncles | 40-80 cm, pilose; panicles 6-15 cm wide, oblong or lanceolate; rachises 15-30 cm, pilose; lowest nodes densely pilose; primary branches 2-13 cm, ascending or appressed to the rachises; rame internodes 2-5.5 mm, pilose. |
pilose; panicles 40-70 cm, narrowly oblong to widely ovate, rachises 25-50 cm, densely pilose; primary branches 2.5-7 cm. |
Pedicels | 2.5-5 mm, pilose. |
1.5-3 mm, ciliate. |
Sessile | spikelets 4.2-6 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, straw-colored. |
spikelets 3.5-7 mm. |
Callus | hairs (7)15-20(25) mm, longer than the spikelets, straw-colored or brown; glumes usually glabrous; lower glumes smooth, indistinctly 5-veined; lower lemmas 3-5 mm, without veins; upper lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm, 1-veined, entire; awns 12-26 mm, straight or curved, terete basally; lodicule veins sometimes extending into hairlike projections; anthers 2. |
hairs to 12 mm; glumes glabrous over the back, ciliate toward the tip; lower lemmas about 3 mm; upper lemmas subequal to the lower lemmas, entire; awns absent; anthers 3. |
Pedicellate | spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets, except frequently pilose. |
spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets. |
2n | = 30, 60, 90. |
= 20, 24-30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 48-60, 64, 69. |
Saccharum giganteum |
Saccharum spontaneum |
|
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
HI; PR |
Discussion | Saccharum giganteum grows in wet soils of bogs, swales, and swamps. Its range extends from the eastern and southeastern United States to Central America. It is a polymorphic, primarily chasmogamous species that intergrades morphologically with the primarily cleistogamous S. trinii (Hack.) Renvoize in Central America. The combination of long callus hairs and straight awns distinguishes it from all other species of Saccharum in the Flora region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Saccharum spontaneum is a weedy species, native to tropical Africa and Asia, that is now established in Mesoamerica but not, so far as is known, in the Flora region. It is listed as a noxious weed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, but it is grown in breeding programs as a source of potentially useful genes for S. officinarum (sugar cane), with which it readily hybridizes. Because of the potential economic damage of uncontrolled hybridization between S. spontaneum and S. officinarum, the U.S. Department of Agriculture should be notified of plants found growing outside a controlled planting. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 611. | FNA vol. 25, p. 614. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Erianthus giganteus | |
Name authority | (Walter) Pers. | L. |
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