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sugarcane plumegrass

munj sweetcane, tall cane

Habit Plants rhizomatous. Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

1-2.5 m;

nodes sericeous, hairs to 5 mm.

to 5 m, glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrate or glabrous;

auricles absent;

ligules 2-6 mm;

blades usually 35-70 cm long, 8-30 mm wide, adaxial surfaces glabrous or pilose.

Blades

to 2 m long, 3-25 mm wide, flat or channeled, glaucous and scabrous.

Panicles

20-90 cm, compact;

primary branches 2-5 cm, considerably shorter than the supporting branches;

rame internodes hirsute, hairs to 7 mm.

Peduncles

40-80 cm, pilose;

panicles 6-15 cm wide, oblong or lanceolate;

rachises 15-30 cm, pilose;

lowest nodes densely pilose;

primary branches 2-13 cm, ascending or appressed to the rachises;

rame internodes 2-5.5 mm, pilose.

Pedicels

2.5-5 mm, pilose.

shorter than the sessile spikelet.

Sessile

spikelets 4.2-6 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, straw-colored.

spikelets 4-6 mm long, somewhat heteromorphic.;

sessile spikelets: callus hairs to 2.5 mm, white to gray;

glumes equal;

lower glumes membranous, pubescent;

upper glumes glabrous;

lower lemmas oblong-elliptic, pubescent;

upper lemmas oblong-elliptic, ciliate on the margins, acute to shortly awned;

awns about 1.3 mm, not visible beyond the glumes;

anthers 3.

Callus

hairs (7)15-20(25) mm, longer than the spikelets, straw-colored or brown;

glumes usually glabrous;

lower glumes smooth, indistinctly 5-veined;

lower lemmas 3-5 mm, without veins;

upper lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm, 1-veined, entire;

awns 12-26 mm, straight or curved, terete basally;

lodicule veins sometimes extending into hairlike projections;

anthers 2.

Pedicellate

spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets, except frequently pilose.

spikelets pilose on the glumes, hairs 4-9 mm.

2n

= 30, 60, 90.

= 20, 22, 40, 60.

Saccharum giganteum

Saccharum bengalense

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
PR
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Saccharum giganteum grows in wet soils of bogs, swales, and swamps. Its range extends from the eastern and southeastern United States to Central America. It is a polymorphic, primarily chasmogamous species that intergrades morphologically with the primarily cleistogamous S. trinii (Hack.) Renvoize in Central America. The combination of long callus hairs and straight awns distinguishes it from all other species of Saccharum in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Saccharum bengalense is native from Iran to northern India. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 611. FNA vol. 25, p. 616.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Saccharum
Sibling taxa
S. alopecuroides, S. baldwinii, S. bengalense, S. brevibarbe, S. coarctatum, S. officinarum, S. ravennae, S. spontaneum
S. alopecuroides, S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe, S. coarctatum, S. giganteum, S. officinarum, S. ravennae, S. spontaneum
Synonyms Erianthus giganteus S. ciliare
Name authority (Walter) Pers. Retz.
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