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California tea, rupert's scurf-pea, rupertia, scurfpea

Parish's California tea, Parish's psoralea, Parish's rupertia

Habit Herbs, perennial, unarmed; from diffuse, woody, branched root system, sometimes stoloniferous. Herbs not stoloniferous; caudex and root woody.
Stems

erect, ± glandular, glabrate; unbranched or sparsely branched;

proximal nodes often with cataphylls.

to 75 cm, sparsely branched, glandular, puberulent to pubescent or, sometimes, glabrate;

proximal 1–9 nodes usually naked and with cataphylls, light brown, 5–7 mm, striate, puberulent.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate;

stipules present, deciduous or persistent, reflexed, distinct;

petiolate;

leaflets 3, very rarely 4, petiolulate, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent.

stipules tardily deciduous, light to dark brown, triangular or lanceolate to linear-spatulate, 4–10 × 0.5–2 mm, venation few;

petiole 1–4.6 cm, ribbed, base slightly to moderately swollen and different color and texture, sometimes slightly winged, glandular, minutely puberulent;

rachis 1.2–2.2 cm;

petiolules brown, 2–3.5 mm, sparsely glandular, brown-puberulent;

leaflet blades usually lanceolate, rarely rhombic to obovate, 3.5–6.5 × 2–3.7 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces abaxially less glandular and sparsely puberulent and with prominent veins, adaxially glandular and glabrous.

Inflorescences

2 or 3 flowers per node (3–20 nodes), axillary, pseudoracemes;

bracts present, deciduous.

with 5–20 nodes, 2 or 3 flowers per node, ovoid;

rachis 1.5–4 cm, internodes 1.5–3 mm;

bracts usually late deciduous, caudate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–7 × 1–2.5 mm, abaxially glandular, sparsely pubescent, hairs black.

Peduncles

5–9.5 cm.

Pedicels

present.

1.5–2 mm, at a node often subtended by very reduced, secondary bracts.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx tubular-campanulate (in bud), gibbous to campanulate (in fruit, concealing fruit), lobes 5, lobes equal to or less than tube;

corolla cream or yellow, sometimes with purple blotch on wing blades and keel petals;

banner bi-auriculate, wings auriculate, keel always shorter, apical margins connate;

stamens 10, monadelphous early with vexillary stamen becoming distinct;

anthers in 2 series, proximal ones dorsifixed, distal basifixed, introrse;

receptacle tumid, style reflexed.

13–15 mm;

calyx persistent (in fruit), broadly campanulate (in fruit), 9–10 mm, glandular and strigose, hairs white and/or black, tube stramineous-brown, 6 mm, lobes triangular, 2–3 mm;

corolla cream to light yellow, banner 14–15 mm;

filaments 10.5–12 mm;

anthers elliptic;

pistil 10–11.5 mm;

ovary sericeous, style base subsericeous.

Fruits

legumes, sessile, elliptic or compressed-obovate, indehiscent, sometimes secondarily dehiscent by transverse rupture, apiculate or with beak ventrally displaced at maturity, eglandular or sparsely glandular, pubescent.

Legumes

elliptic, 9–13 × 5–6 mm, beak broadly attached, triangular, to 3 mm, glandular, pubescent, hairs red-brown, short.

Seeds

1, round to reniform, smooth.

red-brown, 6.5–7 × 3.5–4 mm.

Rupertia

Rupertia rigida

Phenology Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Grasslands, open woodlands.
Elevation 500–2300 m. (1600–7500 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w North America; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 3 (3 in the flora).

Segregated by Grimes from Hoita in the sense of P. A. Rydberg (1919–1920) for the absence of a secondary internal wall in the fruit, Rupertia is distinguished from other genera of Psoraleeae by a combination of characters, including an accrescent calyx, cream to light yellow petals, deciduous bracts, and a tumid receptacle. Delimitation of Rupertia from Hoita is further validated by a molecular phylogenetic study of Psoraleeae (A. N. Egan and K. A. Crandall 2008).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rupertia rigida is known from the San Bernardino Mountains and Peninsular Ranges of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Diego counties, south to the Sierra de Juárez and Sierra de San Pedro Mártir of Baja California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stipules 13–15 mm, widely elliptic to obtriangular; floral bracts 9–13 mm.
R. hallii
1. Stipules 4–10 mm, linear-oblanceolate, linear-spatulate, triangular, or narrowly elliptic; floral bracts 3–7 mm.
→ 2
2. Calyx in flower 6–8 mm; corolla banner 10–13.5 mm; legumes 4–7 mm, apiculate.
R. physodes
2. Calyx in flower 9–10 mm; corolla banner 14–15 mm; legumes 9–13 mm, beaked (beak broadly attached).
R. rigida
Source FNA vol. 11. Author: Martin F. Wojciechowski. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Rupertia
Sibling taxa
R. hallii, R. physodes
Subordinate taxa
R. hallii, R. physodes, R. rigida
Synonyms Psoralea rigida, Hoita rigida
Name authority J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 52, fig. 6. (1990) (Parish) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 54. (1990)
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