Flora of North America species comparison

ascending or, rarely, erect, usually producing axillary shoots near base, (10–)15–30(–40) cm.

erect, rarely ascending, especially axillary shoots, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence, or at proximal nodes, 40–80(–120) cm.

blades ovate-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, (2–)4–12(–15) × 1–5(–6) cm, subcoriaceous, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, margins entire, flat or slightly undulate, apex acute or acuminate.

blades with lateral veins forming angle of 40–60° with midvein, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 7–20(–30) × 3–5 cm, usually 3–5(–6) times as long as wide, normally rather fleshy, coriaceous or subcoriaceous when dry, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, margins entire, flat, apex acute or acuminate.

terminal and axillary, usually occupying distal 2/3 of stem/shoot, usually dense, or interrupted in proximal part, broadly paniculate.

terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/3–1/2 of stem, usually rather dense, interrupted only near base, narrowly to broadly paniculate.

articulated near middle, filiform or slightly thickened, (8–)10–16 mm, articulation distinct, slightly swollen.

articulated in proximal part, distinctly thickened distally, 7–15 mm, usually 2.5–3 times as long as inner tepals, articulation distinctly swollen.

5–15 in whorls;

inner tepals distinctly double-reticulately veined, orbiculate or reniform-orbiculate, 13–18(–20) × (20–)23–30 mm, base deeply emarginate or cordate, margins entire, apex rounded, obtuse, rarely subacute, with short, broadly triangular tip;

tubercles absent, occasionally very small.

10–20(–30) in whorls;

inner tepals, broadly ovate-deltoid or deltoid, (3.5–)4–5.5 × 4–6 mm, usually as wide as or wider than long, base truncate, margins entire or, rarely, very indistinctly erose, apex acute or acuminate;

tubercles 3, equal or subequal, often verrucose and/or transversely rugose (wrinkled) in proximal part.

brown or dark brown, 5–7 × 4–6 mm.

brown or dark brown, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm.

= 40.

= 60.