Rumex mexicanus |
Rumex paraguayensis |
|
---|---|---|
Mexican dock, Mexican willow, Mexican willow or dock |
Paraguay dock, Paraguayan dock |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, glabrous; with vertical rootstock, occasionally with short, creeping rhizomes. | Plants annual [sometimes biennial], glabrous or nearly so, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60(–90) cm. |
erect, branched above middle or in distal 2/3, 20–40(–70) cm. |
Leaves | blades light green to yellowish green, linear-lanceolate, occasionally lanceolate, 6–14 × 1–3.5(–4) cm, usually ca. 5–7 times as long as wide, widest near middle, thin, not coriaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, flat or undulate, apex acute or attenuate. |
ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade distinctly obovate or sometimes panduriform, 4–6(–7) × 2–4(–5) cm, less than 4 times as long as wide, coriaceous, base cuneate or truncate, margins entire, flat or crisped, apex obtuse. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/5–1/3 of stem, rather dense or interrupted in proximal 1/2, usually broadly paniculate (branches simple or with few 2d-order branches). |
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually lax, occasionally rather dense in distalmost part, interrupted in basal 1/2, broadly paniculate, branches spreading. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal 1/3 or almost near base, filiform (thickened distally), 4–7 mm, not more than 2–2.5 times as long as inner tepals, articulation indistinctly swollen. |
articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform or indistinctly thickened, 2.5–6 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. |
Flowers | 10–20 in whorls; inner tepals broadly ovate-triangular, occasionally broadly triangular, 3.5–4.5(–5) × 3.5–4(–5) mm, base truncate or indistinctly cordate, margins entire or indistinctly erose, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles 3, equal or subequal (much narrower than inner tepals). |
10–20 in rather dense whorls; inner tepals obovate-triangular to deltoid, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm (excluding teeth), ca. 1.5 times as long as wide, base truncate, margins distinctly dentate, apex acute to subacute, straight, teeth 2–3(–4), normally at each side of margins, triangular, straight, 0.4–1.5 mm, equaling or shorter than width of inner tepals; tubercles usually 3, equal or subequal, apex acute or subacute, smooth or minutely punctate. |
Achenes | brown or dark reddish brown, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm. |
reddish brown, 1.7–1.9(–2) × 1–1.4 mm. |
2n | = 40. |
|
Rumex mexicanus |
Rumex paraguayensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Shores of streams and rivers, wet meadows | Coastal and riparian sites |
Elevation | 1000 m (3300 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
NM; Mexico
|
FL; LA; South America [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Some authors recognize Rumex mexicanus in the broad sense, including in it many other taxa treated here as separate entities. For consistency, the entities of the R. salicifolius aggregate that are recognized herein are kept separate pending additional taxonomic research. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rumex paraguayensis is closely related to R. obovatus and may be confused with it or, less frequently, with other species having dentate inner tepals (e.g., R. dentatus, R. obtusifolius, and R. pulcher). Rumex paraguayensis and R. obovatus appear to belong to a separate, undescribed subsection. This species was first reported for North America from Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana, by J. W. Thieret (1969c). Its status in North America is uncertain; J. H. Horton (1972) excluded it from the list of Polygonaceae of the southeastern United States. I have seen only two immature specimens from Florida. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 511. | FNA vol. 5, p. 528. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Axillares | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Meisner: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 14: 45. (1856) | D. Parodi: Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 160. (1878) |
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