Rumex hymenosepalus |
Rumex violascens |
|
---|---|---|
Arizona dock, canaigre, canaigre dock, cañaigre dock, wild-rhubarb |
Mexican dock, violet dock |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, glabrous or indistinctly papillose-pubescent, with distinctly tuberous roots and short rhizomes. | Plants annual or biennial, sometimes short-lived perennial, glabrous, with fusiform, vertical or oblique rootstock. |
Stems | usually erect, rarely ascending, branched above middle, 25–90(–100) cm. |
erect, branched above middle, 25–75 cm. |
Leaves | ocrea prominent and persistent at maturity, whitish or silvery white, membranous; blade oblong, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, (5–)8–30 × 2–8(–12) cm, base cuneate or narrowly cuneate, margins entire, flat or indistinctly crisped, apex acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse. |
ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade oblong-lanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 6–12(–15) × (2–)3–4(–5) cm, less than 4 times as long as wide, not coriaceous, occasionally subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, occasionally truncate, margins entire, flat or, rarely, weakly undulate, apex obtuse, rarely subacute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, narrowly paniculate, rarely simple. |
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually lax, interrupted, broadly paniculate; branches usually distinctly arcuate and flexuous. |
Pedicels | articulated near middle or in proximal 1/3, filiform, 5–15(–20) mm, articulation indistinct. |
articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 3–8 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. |
Flowers | 5–20 in whorls; inner tepals oblong-cordate or orbiculate-cordate, 11–16 × 9.5–14 mm, base sinuate or emarginate, margins entire, rarely with few extremely small denticles at base, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent. |
10–20 in rather dense remote whorls; inner tepals deltoid or triangular-deltoid, 2.5–3.7(–4) × 2–2.8(–3) mm (excluding teeth), ca. 1.5 times as long as wide, base truncate, margins dentate or rarely subentire, apex acute to subacute, teeth 2–3, normally at each side of margins, triangular, 0.2–0.5 mm; tubercles 3, unequal or, occasionally, subequal, normally less than 2 times as wide as inner tepals. |
Achenes | brown or reddish brown, 4–5(–7) × 2.5–4.5(–5) mm. |
brown or reddish brown, 1.8–2.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 40. |
= 20. |
Rumex hymenosepalus |
Rumex violascens |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Sandy and rocky places: plains, slopes, stream beds, alkaline soils | Wet habitats along streams, river valleys |
Elevation | 0-1700(-2000) m (0-5600(-6600) ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; MT; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua)
|
AZ; CA; MA; NM; TX; n Mexico |
Discussion | Rumex hymenosepalus is the only species of subsect. Hymenosepali Rechinger f. Two varieties have been recognized. The typical variety has achenes 5 mm and ovate-elliptic or oblong-cordate inner tepals with a subacute apex. Variety salinus (A. Nelson) Rechinger f. has larger achenes (to 7 mm) and almost orbiculate inner tepals with an obtuse apex. Rumex hymenosepalus was reported also from Montana (J. E. Dawson 1979), but no exact localities were given. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Rumex berlandieri was misapplied to this species by some botanists who followed W. D. Trelease (1892). This native species is poorly known taxonomically; it probably is distantly related to Rumex obovatus and R. paraguayensis. Rumex flexicaulis Rechinger f., a species possibly conspecific with R. violascens, occurs in Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 515. | FNA vol. 5, p. 528. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. arizonicus, R. hymenosepalus var. salinus, R. salinus, R. saxei | |
Name authority | Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 177. (1859) | Rechinger f.: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 171. (1936) |
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