Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex violascens |
|
---|---|---|
heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
Mexican dock, violet dock |
|
Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants annual or biennial, sometimes short-lived perennial, glabrous, with fusiform, vertical or oblique rootstock. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
erect, branched above middle, 25–75 cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade oblong-lanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 6–12(–15) × (2–)3–4(–5) cm, less than 4 times as long as wide, not coriaceous, occasionally subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, occasionally truncate, margins entire, flat or, rarely, weakly undulate, apex obtuse, rarely subacute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually lax, interrupted, broadly paniculate; branches usually distinctly arcuate and flexuous. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 3–8 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
10–20 in rather dense remote whorls; inner tepals deltoid or triangular-deltoid, 2.5–3.7(–4) × 2–2.8(–3) mm (excluding teeth), ca. 1.5 times as long as wide, base truncate, margins dentate or rarely subentire, apex acute to subacute, teeth 2–3, normally at each side of margins, triangular, 0.2–0.5 mm; tubercles 3, unequal or, occasionally, subequal, normally less than 2 times as wide as inner tepals. |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
brown or reddish brown, 1.8–2.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 20. |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex violascens |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Wet habitats along streams, river valleys |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
AZ; CA; MA; NM; TX; n Mexico |
Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Rumex berlandieri was misapplied to this species by some botanists who followed W. D. Trelease (1892). This native species is poorly known taxonomically; it probably is distantly related to Rumex obovatus and R. paraguayensis. Rumex flexicaulis Rechinger f., a species possibly conspecific with R. violascens, occurs in Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 528. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Rechinger f.: Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 171. (1936) |
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