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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel

subarctic or subarctic willow dock

Habit Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. Plants perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock.
Stems

solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm.

usually procumbent, rarely ascending, usually producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 cm.

Leaves

blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute.

blades narrowly linear-lanceolate, 6–17 × 1–3 cm, usually ca. 7–10 times as long as wide, widest near middle, usually thick, not coriaceous or subcoriaceous, base cuneate, margins entire, usually strongly undulate and/or crenulate, apex acute.

Inflorescences

terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate.

terminal and axillary, terminal usually occupying distal 1/5–1/3 of stem, rather dense towards apex, distinctly interrupted in proximal 1/2, usually broadly paniculate (branches almost at right angles to main axis, simple or with few 2d-order branches).

Pedicels

articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen.

articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 4–7 mm, not more than 2–2.5 times as long as inner tepals, articulation slightly swollen.

Flowers

3–6(–8) in whorls;

inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute;

tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins.

10–20 in whorls;

inner tepals, broadly deltoid or deltoid-ovate, 3–4 × 3.2–4(–4.5) mm, base truncate, margins entire or indistinctly crenulate, apex obtuse or subacute;

tubercles absent, rarely small and indistinct.

Achenes

brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

brown or dark reddish brown, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes).

= 20.

Rumex hastatulus

Rumex subarcticus

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering early summer.
Habitat Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places Mostly coastal and alluvial habitats: sea beaches, shores of rivers and streams, wet meadows
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) 0-200 m (0-700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NU; QC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Some specimens of Rumex subarcticus have well-developed tubercles similar to those of R. pallidus (N. M. Sarkar 1958), to which it is closely related and of which it may be regarded as a northwestern subspecies or variety (see Á. Löve 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 502. FNA vol. 5, p. 513.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Axillares
Sibling taxa
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. altissimus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pseudonatronatus, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. subarcticus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. altissimus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hastatulus, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pseudonatronatus, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
Synonyms Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii R. pallidus subsp. subarcticus
Name authority Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) Lepage: Naturaliste Canad. 82: 191. (1955)
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