Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex sanguineus |
|
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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
bloody dock, red-vein dock, wood or redvein or bloodwort dock |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants perennial, normally glabrous, rarely very indistinctly papillose on veins of leaf blades abaxially, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
erect, branched in distal 2/3, sometimes branched almost from base or with few flowering stems from rootstock, 30–70(–90) cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
ocrea deciduous to partially persistent at maturity; blade oblong-lanceolate, obovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, normally (5–)10–30 × 2.5–6 cm, base rounded, truncate, or subcordate, rarely cuneate, margins entire to obscurely repand, flat to slightly undulate, apex acute or subacute, occasionally attenuate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, lax, interrupted, broadly paniculate, branches simple or nearly so; panicle leafless or leafy only near base. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated in proximal 1/3 or rarely near middle, filiform, (2–)4–6(–8) mm, normally distinctly longer than inner tepals, articulation distinctly swollen. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
10–20 in lax, remote whorls; inner tepals oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or lingulate, 2–3 × 0.8–1.3(–1.8) mm, ca. 2 times as long as wide, base cuneate or subtruncate, margins entire, apex obtuse; tubercle 1 (occasionally 3, then 1 much larger, almost as wide as inner tepals). |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
usually dark reddish brown to almost black, 1.25–1.5(–1.8) × 1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 20. |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex sanguineus |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Moist alluvial and riparian habitats, ruderal places, ballast grounds |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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AL; OR; PA; BC; ON; QC; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Distribution of Rumex sanguineus in North America is known insufficiently. Most reports from California, Washington, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec were based on misidentified specimens of R. conglomeratus or immature R. obtusifolius. Rumex sanguineus is represented in Europe by at least two varieties. The uncommon, cultivated, and occasionally escaped var. sanguineus (redvein dock or bloodwort) has bright red or purple venation of leaves. It probably arose as a mutant from the common, wild var. viridis Sibthorp. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 525. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | Lapathum sanguineum, R. condylodes, R. nemorosus |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 334. (1753) |
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