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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel

field dock, Finnish dock, rumex de finlande

Habit Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. Plants perennial, glabrous or very indistinctly papillose normally only on branches of inflorescences, or on veins of leaf blades abaxially, with fusiform, vertical rootstock.
Stems

solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm.

erect, branched from above middle, 50–120(–150) cm.

Leaves

blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute.

ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity;

blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, normally 15–30 × 1–4 cm, apex acute.

Inflorescences

terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate.

terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, normally dense in distal part and interrupted at base, narrowly paniculate, branches usually straight or slightly arcuate.

Pedicels

articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen.

articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 4–9 mm, articulation distinctly swollen.

Flowers

3–6(–8) in whorls;

inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute;

tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins.

15–25 in whorls, inner tepals orbiculate, ovate-orbiculate, or indistinctly reniform, 3.5–5(–6) × 3–5 mm, base slightly cordate, margins entire or rarely subentire to very weakly erose, undulate or nearly flat, apex obtuse or rounded, occasionally subacute;

tubercles normally absent, sometimes with 1 indistinct tubercle or slightly thickened midvein less than 1–1.3 mm wide, normally less than 2 times as wide as inner tepals.

Achenes

brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

usually reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes).

= 40.

Rumex hastatulus

Rumex pseudonatronatus

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places Ruderal and alluvial habitats, slightly saline soil, waste places, roadsides, shores of rivers and lakes, meadows, cultivated fields
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) 10-1000 m (0-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MN; ND; SD; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; YT; e Europe; c Asia (Siberia) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rumex pseudonatronatus often is confused with R. longifolius and R. crispus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 502. FNA vol. 5, p. 522.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex
Sibling taxa
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. altissimus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pseudonatronatus, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. subarcticus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpinus, R. altissimus, R. arcticus, R. beringensis, R. britannica, R. brownii, R. bucephalophorus, R. californicus, R. chrysocarpus, R. confertus, R. conglomeratus, R. crassus, R. crispus, R. cristatus, R. cuneifolius, R. densiflorus, R. dentatus, R. ellipticus, R. fascicularis, R. floridanus, R. fueginus, R. graminifolius, R. hastatulus, R. hesperius, R. hymenosepalus, R. kerneri, R. krausei, R. lacustris, R. lapponicus, R. longifolius, R. maritimus, R. mexicanus, R. nematopodus, R. obovatus, R. obtusifolius, R. occidentalis, R. orthoneurus, R. pallidus, R. palustris, R. paraguayensis, R. patientia, R. paucifolius, R. persicarioides, R. praecox, R. pulcher, R. pycnanthus, R. salicifolius, R. sanguineus, R. sibiricus, R. spiralis, R. stenophyllus, R. subarcticus, R. thyrsiflorus, R. tomentellus, R. transitorius, R. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. venosus, R. verticillatus, R. violascens
Synonyms Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii R. domesticus var. pseudonatronatus, R. fennicus, R. pseudonatronatus subsp. fennicus
Name authority Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) (Borbás) Murbeck: Bot. Not. 1899: 16. (1899)
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