Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex patientia |
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heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
garden patience, patience dock |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants perennial, glabrous or very indistinctly papillose normally only on veins of leaf blades abaxially, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
erect, branched from above middle, 80–150(–200) cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, normally 30–45(–50) × 10–15 cm, base truncate, broadly cuneate, or weakly cordate, margins entire, flat or weakly undulate, apex acute or subacute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, normally dense, narrowly to broadly paniculate, branches usually straight or arcuate, rarely indistinctly flexuous. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated in proximal 1/3, sometimes almost near base, filiform, 5–13(–17) mm, articulation usually distinctly swollen. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
10–20(–25) in whorls; inner tepals broadly ovate, suborbiculate, or orbiculate, (5–)5.5–8(–10) × 5–9(–10) mm, base usually distinctly cordate, margins entire or subentire to very weakly erose, apex obtuse or occasionally subacute; tubercles normally 1, more than 1 mm wide, normally less than 2 times as wide as inner tepals, occasionally 3, then 2 much smaller. |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
brown, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 60. |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex patientia |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Waste places, roadsides, old fields, gardens, disturbed meadows, occasionally in alluvial habitats |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
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CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; ON; QC; e Europe; s Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced elsewhere]
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Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some North American specimens of Rumex patientia appear to belong to subsp. orientalis (= R. orientalis Bernhardi 1830, not Campderá 1819; R. lonaczevskii), which differs from subsp. patientia in having larger inner tepals (6–10 × 8–10 mm, not 4–8 × 4–8 mm). A predominantly Asian variety with three tubercles sometimes is recognized as subsp. callosus (Fr. Schmidt ex Maximowicz) Rechinger f. [= var. callosus Fr. Schmidt ex Maximowicz; Rumex callosus (Fr. Schmidt ex Maximowicz) Rechinger f.]. However, the distribution of infraspecific taxa of R. patientia in North America has not been studied in detail. Rumex patientia may be expected in southern Canada, especially the prairie regions of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, as well as in Colorado and other states. According to J. T. Kartesz (1987, vol. 1), a record from Nevada was based on misidentification of R. crispus. Rumex patientia is the lectotype of the genus. It and the following two species belong to subsect. Rumex. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 520. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | Lapathum hortense, R. lonaczevskii, R. patientia subsp. orientalis |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 333. (1753) |
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