Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex palustris |
|
---|---|---|
heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel, wild dock, wild sorrel |
marsh dock |
|
Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous, with vertical rootstock. | Plants annual or biennial, glabrous or very weakly short-papillose mostly in inflorescence and on leaf blades, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. |
Stems | solitary or several from base, erect or ascending, branched in distal 2/3 (in inflorescence), 10–40(–45) cm. |
erect, normally branched in distal 2/3, occasionally almost near base, 10–60(–100) cm. |
Leaves | blade obovate-oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate; 2–6(–10) × 0.5–2 cm, base hastate (with spreading lobes), auriculate, or occasionally without evident lobes, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or subacute. |
ocrea normally deciduous, rarely partially persistent at maturity; blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed at both ends, (10–)15–30(–35) × 1.5–6 cm, more than 4 times as long as wide, base narrowly to broadly cuneate, margins entire, flat or, rarely, weakly undulate, apex acute, rarely subobtuse. |
Inflorescences | terminal, occupying distal 2/3 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, narrowly paniculate. |
terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, rarely more, reddish brown at maturity, usually lax, interrupted in proximal 1/2 or 2/3, broadly paniculate; branches spreading. |
Pedicels | articulated in proximal part, filiform, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, articulation indistinct or slightly swollen. |
articulated near base or at least in proximal 1/3, filiform, 3–6 mm, articulation weakly evident. |
Flowers | 3–6(–8) in whorls; inner tepals orbiculate or broadly ovate, 2.5–3.2 × 2.7–3.2 mm, base broadly cordate or rounded, apex obtuse or subacute; tubercles absent or some inner tepals with slightly swollen central veins. |
15–25(–30) in rather dense whorls; inner tepals narrowly triangular, narrowly rhombic-triangular, or linguliform, (2.5–)3–3.5(–4) × 1.2–1.5(–2) mm (excluding teeth), normally ca. 2 times as long as wide, base truncate or broadly cuneate, margins prominently dentate, apex acute very rarely subacute, straight, teeth (1–)2–3, normally at each side of margins, subulate-filiform, bristlelike, straight, 1–2(–3) mm, usually as long as width of inner tepals; tubercles 3, equal or subequal, apex obtuse, smooth. |
Achenes | brown or dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
light brown, 0.9–1.75 × 0.6–1 mm. |
2n | = 8 (pistillate plants), 9 (staminate plants), 10 (both sexes). |
= 60. |
Rumex hastatulus |
Rumex palustris |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dry to moist alluvial and ruderal habitats, river valleys, sandy plains, meadows, waste places | Wet meadows, shores, marshes, ballast grounds, wet ruderal habitats |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
CA; NJ; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Rumex hastatulus is distinct in subg. Acetosa and belongs to the monotypic subsect. Americanae Á. Löve & N. Sarkar. It is represented by at least two chromosome races: populations occurring from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi normally have 2n = 8 in pistillate plants and 2n = 9 in staminate plants; populations from Louisiana to Texas and Oklahoma predominantly have 2n = 10 in both sexes. Rumex hastatulus has been reported from New Mexico (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1), but those records need confirmation. When fruiting, R. hastatulus has large inner tepals that distinguish it from R. acetosella, with which it is occasionally confused. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Rumex palustris was reported for the first time from North America by J. E. Dawson (1979) based on specimens misidentified as R. maritimus and R. pulcher, collected in 1877 and 1959, respectively. Rumex palustris is not known to be invasive, and these collections probably represent only occasional, chance introductions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 502. | FNA vol. 5, p. 530. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Acetosa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Rumex > subg. Rumex > sect. Rumex |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Acetosa hastatula, R. engelmannii | |
Name authority | Baldwin: in S. Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 416. (1817) | Smith: Fl. Brit. 1: 394. (1800) |
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